
| HOME SCHEDULE AUTHOR INDEX SUBJECT INDEX |
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
| BBS | Effects of landowner attitudes and behaviors on breeding birds in a dynamic landscape. BBS, landowners, birds, landscape |
| BNPP | How sensitive are fine root dynamics and BNPP to short and long-term changes in soil water content? roots, BNPP, hydroperiod, bottomland hardwood forest |
| BALTIMORE | 115 Definition of current patch structure drivers from historic land records. land records, patch template, Baltimore, MD, urban-rural continuum |
| BARATARIA BASIN (LOUISIANA USA) | Land cover change in the upper Barataria Basin Estuary, Louisiana, from 1972-1992: Increases in wetland area. Barataria Basin (Louisiana USA), remote sensing, wetland change detection, land subsidence |
| BARNACLE | 123 Demographic variations of a barnacle, Tetraclita japonica, from two islands in Korea. Demography, Barnacle, Intertidal, Population |
| BAT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE | Latitudinal gradients in the morphological diversity of bat communities. Morphological Diversity, Latitudinal Gradient, Bat Community Structure, Diversity Gradient |
| BAYESIAN ANALYSIS | Incorporating observational error in density dependence population models. State Space Models, Population Dynamics, Bayesian Analysis, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) |
| BAYESIAN MODELING | Modeling and mapping the distribution of ground flora in the Missouri Ozarks. Bayesian modeling, vegetation prediction, spatial statistics |
| BIODIVERSITY | Alternative conceptions in biodiversity: a cross-age study focus in animal classification. Classification, Biodiversity, Alternate conception, cross-age study |
| BIODIVERSITY | Do people enrich pastoral landscapes in East Africa? Human impacts, Biodiversity, Africa, Wildlife |
| BIODIVERSITY | The effects of Hurricane Floyd on benthic community structure in piedmont North Carolina streams. Community structure, Biodiversity, Streams, Hurricane Floyd |
| BIODIVERSITY | The measurement, prediction, and significance of functional similarity. Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Functional group, Experiments |
| BIODIVERSITY | Fluvial geomorphology and biodiversity of forested wetlands along two tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Forested Wetland, Fluvial geomorphology, Biodiversity, Floodplain |
| BIODIVERSITY | Relationships between aspects of biodiversity, biomass, and productivity in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. Biodiversity, Productivity, Biomass, Unimodal |
| BIODIVERSITY | How will increased atmospheric CO2 and mammalian herbivory affect forest succession? Atmospheric CO2, Herbivory, Biodiversity, Global Change |
| BIODIVERSITY | Plant species and functional group diversity influence ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 and nitrogen deposition . Biodiversity, Global Change, Elevated CO2, Nitrogen Deposition |
| BIODIVERSITY | 88 Influence of climate on plant and soil microbial diversity of a shrub-steppe ecosystem. Biodiversity, climate change, soil microorganisms, shrub-steppe |
| BIOLOG | The relationship between three tropical tree species and their surrounding soil microbial communities . microbial community, tropical forests, tree species, Biolog |
| BIOMASS | Relationships between aspects of biodiversity, biomass, and productivity in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. Biodiversity, Productivity, Biomass, Unimodal |
| BIOME-BGC | 136 Calibration of Biome-BGC for UMBS Forest Site in Northern Michigan. Biome-BGC, Ecosystem model calibration, UMBS AmeriFlux Site |
| BIRDS DIVERSITY | 148 A comparative bird diversity study at Ancon de Iturre-Quisiro Dry Forest, Estado Zulia, Venezuela . Avian Ecology, Tropical dry forest, Ancon de Iturre-Quisiro, Birds Diversity |
| BIRDS | A Regional analysis of the effects of grassland fragmentation on nesting success of breeding birds. Fragmentation, Prairie, Birds |
| BOER LOVEGRASS | The Botteri Sparrow:An avian habitat specialist colonizing an alien grassland in southeastern Arizona. Botteri sparrow , Sacaton, Boer lovegrass, Ecological trap |
| BORNEO | 149 Leaf lifespans, herbivory rates, and biomass allocation in Malaysian rain forest tree seedlings. biomass allocation, Borneo, shade-tolerant tree seedlings, tropical rain forest |
| BOTTERI SPARROW | The Botteri Sparrow:An avian habitat specialist colonizing an alien grassland in southeastern Arizona. Botteri sparrow , Sacaton, Boer lovegrass, Ecological trap |
| BOTTOM-UP CONTROL | Consequences of competitive ability for species abundance in a guild of phloem-feeding insects. Intraspecific competition, Interspecific competition, Bottom-up control, Species abundance |
| BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD | 133 Influence of shade and root competition on advance regeneration in a bottomland hardwood forest. Quercus laurifolia, Bottomland hardwood, advance regeneration, canopy gaps |
| BOUNDARY WATERS CANOE AREA WILDERNESS | 36 Causes and correlates of tree damage in an old-growth sub-boreal forest subject to catastrophic wind. boreal forest, wind, treefall, Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness |
| BRAZIL | Life history diversity of lianas in an eastern Amazonian forest. tropical forest, Brazil, Liana, life history |
| BREEDING BIRD SURVEY | Population trends in North American songbirds: Interactions between habitat fragmentation and landscape occupancy patterns. habitat fragmentation, Breeding Bird Survey, habitat selection, area sensitivity |
| BRITISH COLUMBIA | 142 Dendroecological study of black cottonwood dynamics along regulated and unregulated rivers in British Columbia. Populus trichocarpa, flow regime, dendroecology, British Columbia |
| BRITISH COLUMBIA | Historical mixed-severity fire regimes in the southwestern interior of British Columbia, Canada. fire history, mixed-severity fire regimes, British Columbia |
| BROMUS TECTORUM | 63 Evaluating nitrogen immobilization for the restoration of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) infested rangeland. Nitrogen immobilization, restoration, Bromus tectorum, Elymus elymoides |
| BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD | 32 An edge effect at the landscape scale: reproductive consequences of commuting by Brown-headed Cowbirds. edge effects, avian bood parasitism, Brown-headed Cowbird, songbird conservation |
| BRUCHIDAE | Classroom inquiry into the effects of urbanization on bruchid beetles (Family: Bruchidae) in the Sonoran Desert. Education, Bruchidae, herbivory, plant-insect interaction |
| BACTERIA | Fecal Coliforms: Where do they come from and where do they go? bacteria, quality, antibiotic, lake |
| BACTERIA | 118 A surface pilus promotes adherence to zooplankton by Vibrio cholerae, providing a potential contribution to environmental persistence. Vibrio cholerae, disease, zooplankton, bacteria |
| BACTERIA | The Effect of increasing functional redundancy on cellulose degradation. biodiversity, functiona redundancy, ecosystem processes, bacteria |
| BACTERIAL DIVERSITY | Bacterial diversity of the Gypsy Moth midgut. bacterial diversity, insect symbionts, gypsy moth |
| BACTERIOPLANKTON | 119 Seasonal variation in bacterioplankton community composition in three temperate lakes of diverse trophic condition. bacterioplankton, community, seasonal, autocorrelation |
| BALDCYPRESS | 72 Functional analysis of planted, regenerated, and old-growth cypress wetlands along the Cache River, Illinois. restoration, wetland, baldcypress |
| BALEARIC ENDEMIC SPECIES | 57 Photosynthesis and drought of an endemic and a widespread Rhamnus species. balearic endemic species, gas exchange, mediterranean sclerophyll shrubs, photosynthetic capacity |
| BALTIC SEA | Evaluation of the YOY Baltic herring bioenergetic model and the implications for the Baltic Sea. bioenergetic models, baltic sea, herring |
| BARK | Effects of commercial bark harvesting on Adansonia digitata(baobab) in the Save-Odzi Valley, Zimbabwe. bark, Adansonia, sustainable, harvest |
| BARK BEETLE | Field response of scolytid bark beetles to 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, a novel alcohol emitted by Ponderosa pine. Pinus ponderosa, bark beetle, methylbutenol, pheronone |
| BARK BEETLE | 11 Insect population and tree resistance responses to restoration thinning treatments in Ponderosa pine forests. bark beetle, folivores, tree physiology, Ponderosa pine |
| BARK BEETLE | 32 Condition-dependent habitat selection in Douglas-fir beetles. bark beetle, scolytidae, conspecific attraction, body size |
| BARK BEETLES | Can chemical communication be cryptic? Adaptive responses of herbivores to natural enemies exploiting prey semiochemistry. predator prey interactions, coevolution , semiochemistry, bark beetles |
| BARK BEETLES | 75 Fungal associates of an eruptive tree-killing phloeophagous herbivore. bark beetles, fungi, Dendroctonus rufipennis, symbiosis |
| BARK BEETLES AND PREDATORS | Temporal and spatial interactions among root and stem insects, fungi, and predators in declining forests. forest decline, bark beetles and predators, belowground herbivory, root pathogens |
| BARK HARVESTING | Effects of bark harvest on populations of the African cherry (Prunus africana) on Mount Oku, Northwest Province, Cameroon. bark harvesting, Prunus africana, matrix population models, non-timber forest products |
| BARRENS | Holocene dynamics of forest and barrens on a sand plain in Upper Peninsula, Michigan. disturbance, forest, barrens, pollen |
| BASAL SPROUTING | 55 Rapid recovery of witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) by sprouting, following release from deer browsing. recovery from browsing, Hamamelis virginiana, basal sprouting, seedling |
| BASE-CATION DEFICIENCY | 85 Tests of soil calcium effects on forest dynamics in northeastern USA. nutrient limitation, recruitment, forest dynamics, base-cation deficiency |
| BAT COMMUNITIES | Latitudinal gradients in the diversity of New World bat communities. latitudinal gradients, diversity, bat communities, macroecology |
| BAYGALL | 83 Patterns of assembly along a toposequence in pine savannas and baygall gallery forests. assembly, gradient, savanna, baygall |
| BEANS | 54 Environmental effects on xylem cavitation in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). xylem, cavitation, drought, beans |
| BEAVER | Controls on plant species richness in beaver meadows - how much do beaver matter? beaver, species richness, hydrology, ecosystem engineer |
| BEAVER | Beaver-induced wetland landscape dynamics and avian diversity in the Adirondacks, NY. beaver, wetland, landscape, avian |
| BEAVER/HUMAN DISTURBANCE EFFECTS IN URBAN WETLANDS | 50 Seasonal variation in plant community regeneration response to flooding in two hydrologically-connected inland wetlands. soil seed bank response to flooding, flooding effects on wetlands, seasonal variation in soil seed bank diversity, beaver/human disturbance effects in urban wetlands |
| BEE | 96 Effects of land use on bee communities in an urban ecosystem. urban, bee, Apoidea, Hymenoptera |
| BEE | 8 Native bee and fly visitation to two woodland herbs along a forest fragmentation gradient. bee, fly, forest fragmentation, midwest |
| BEECH BARK DISEASE | Effects of multiple human-induced disturbances of forest composition and nitrogen dynamics in northern hardwood forests. disturbance, old-growth, second-growth, beech bark disease |
| BEETLES | 70 Effects of fire and clear-cut logging on the stability of beetle assemblages in boreal forests. beetles, disturbance, resistance , resilience |
| BEHAVIOR | Seasonal and diel activity patterns of Italian wall lizards in New York, USA. Podarcis sicula, lizard, behavior, introduction |
| BEHAVIOR | Do invasive and noninvasive Gambusia respond differently to novel biotic interactions? invasions, fish, gambusia, behavior |
| BEHAVIOR | The impact of PCB 153 on male advertisement calling in Rana pipiens. Rana pipiens, behavior, reproduction, PCB 153 |
| BEHAVIORAL COMPETITION | Competitive behavioral interactions between the introduced Red-eared Slider (T.s. elegans) and the native Midland Painted Turtle (C.p. marginata). Trachemys scripta elegans, Invasionary species, behavioral competition, feeding competition |
| BEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY | 97 Effects of accumulation of hazardous metals on terrestrial isopods (Armadillidium vulgare) in urban environments. metal toxicology, terrestrial isopods, fluctuating asymmetry, behavioral toxicology |
| BEHAVIOUR | Food-dependent foraging activity by prey fish mediates population-level mortality in whole-system experiments. behaviour, population, predator-prey, foraging |
| BEHAVIOUR | The consequences of inflorescence architecture for bumble bee behaviour and plant mating. pollination, inflorescence, architecture, behaviour |
| BELOW GROUND CO2 EFFLUX | Effect of increasing soil temperature on below ground CO2 efflux: A large scale controlled system perspective. below ground CO2 efflux, soil respiration, system level measurements |
| BELOWGROUND COMPETITION | Species specific root allocation patterns in belowground competition. root allocation, belowground competition, interspecific competition |
| BELOWGROUND HERBIVORY | Temporal and spatial interactions among root and stem insects, fungi, and predators in declining forests. forest decline, bark beetles and predators, belowground herbivory, root pathogens |
| BENCHMARK | A generic tool for the measurement of vegetation condition. vegetation, condition, benchmark |
| BENEFITS AND COSTS | Population dynamics and mutualism: Functional responses of benefits and costs. mutualism, functional response, population dynamics, benefits and costs |
| BENTHIC ALGAE | The relative importance of resource limitation and predator limitation in 10 Michigan lakes of varying productivity. limitation, productivity, benthic algae, lakes |
| BENTHIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURE | Direct and indirect effects of disturbance and nutrients on stream communities of the Midwestern U.S. hydrologic disturbance, benthic community structure, stream ecology, invertebrates |
| BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE | The impact of lakes and small dams on benthic invertebrate distribution in streams. benthic invertebrate, stream, lake, dam |
| BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES | 109 Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of barrenland tundra streams of the Northwest Territories. Arctic grayling, benthic invertebrates, Northwest Territories, tundra streams |
| BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE | 111 Changes in macroinvertebrate assemblages in lower Green Bay, Lake Michigan,. benthic macroinvertebrate, Green Bay, zebra mussel |
| BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE | 112 Zebra Mussel – Benthic Macroinvertebrate Dynamics of the Lower Green Bay, Lake Michigan. zebra mussel, benthic macroinvertebrate, Green Bay, benthos |
| BENTHIC MARINE ALGAE | Species richness and geographic range boundaries of benthic marine algae of the Pacific coast of North America. benthic marine algae, diversity, species richness, biogeographic boundaries |
| BENTHIC MARINE INVERTEBRATE | Components of ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa) population dynamics vary with position in the tidal network. network geometry, Geukensia demissa, empirical spatial landscape ecology, benthic marine invertebrate |
| BENTHIC-PELAGIC COUPLING | Spatial variation in the performance of an introduced oyster in a west coast estuary. benthic-pelagic coupling, estuarine productivity, population demography, Crassostrea gigas |
| BENTHIC-PLANKTONIC COUPLING | Benthic-planktonic coupling of algal responses to planktonic herbivory. benthic-planktonic coupling, herbivory, algal competition |
| BENTHOS | 112 Zebra Mussel – Benthic Macroinvertebrate Dynamics of the Lower Green Bay, Lake Michigan. zebra mussel, benthic macroinvertebrate, Green Bay, benthos |
| BERINGIA | Mapped pollen and lake-levels indicate precipitation controlled Holocene expansion of boreal evergreen forest in Beringia. beringia, boreal forest, climate change, precipitation |
| BET-HEDGING | Life history evolution in variable environments: Cole's Paradox revisited. Cole's Paradox, bet-hedging, seed dormancy, stochastic simulation |
| BETA DIVERSITY | Cross-taxonomic patterns of biological diversity in riparian ecosystems: implications for conservation. alpha diversity, beta diversity, ecological surrogate, riparian |
| BETA FUNCTION MODELS | Continuum theory revisited: what shape are species responses along ecological gradients? response curve, HOF models, skewed responses, beta function models |
| BICARBONATE USE | Effects of calcium on submersed macrophyte growth and bicarbonate use. macrophytes, calcium, growth, bicarbonate use |
| BIG BLUESTEM | Clonal structure of Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem) in tallgrass prairie. Andropogon gerardii, big bluestem, tallgrass prairie, clone size |
| BIG GAME | 103 Evaluation of a participatory approach to mediate conflicts between livestock and wildlife interests in Colorado. resource management, big game , grazing habitat, environmental conflict resolution |
| BIOCHEMICAL STRESS INDICATORS | Changes in foliar biochemical stress indicators (putrescine and arginine) and their relationship to foliar and soil chemistry in response to acid deposition in Delaware River Basin. biochemical stress indicators, calcium and magnesium depletion, acid deposition, nitrification |
| BIOCLIMATIC MODELS | Regional spread and stand-scale establishment of trees investigated by pollen analysis and modeling . forest dynamics, species range limits, disturbance, bioclimatic models |
| BIOCOMPLEXITY | Inverse analysis in ecology: A novel approach to untangling biocomplexity. biocomplexity, data analysis, carbon, global change |
| BIOCOMPLEXITY | 17 A distributed multidisciplinary graduate training seminar: a model for biocomplexity research. biocomplexity, ecoinformatics, grassland, NCEAS |
| BIOCONTROL | 63 Experimental treatment for Euphorbia esula infestations at Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge. Euphorbia esula, biocontrol, invasives |
| BIODIVERSITY | Complementarity, compensation, & competition: what goes around, comes around. productivity, tropics, biodiversity, restoration |
| BIODIVERSITY | Decomposition and nutrient cycling in a changing environment: Is genetic diversity redundant to ecosystem function? biodiversity, decomposition, nitrogen |
| BIODIVERSITY | Functional versus species richness in ecosystem response to global change: can they be disentangled? biodiversity, functional, ecosystem, grassland |
| BIODIVERSITY | Habitat fragmentation increases Lyme disease risk. biodiversity, habitat fragmentation, disease, eastern deciduous forest |
| BIODIVERSITY | Local division rules for taxonomic diversity and biomass across tree dominated communities. biodiversity, macroecology, taxonomic structure, niche partitioning |
| BIODIVERSITY | 29 Biodiversity of microfauna and fungal communities in a Sphagnum bog under two levels of solar UV-B. ozone depletion, long term ecosystem study, peat bog, biodiversity |
| BIODIVERSITY | Consequences of diversity loss on ecosystem functioning: Can we extrapolate to landscape scales? biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, ecosystem services, scale |
| BIODIVERSITY | Fifty years of change in forest understory composition. II. Is biotic homogenization underway? biodiversity, forest, understory |
| BIODIVERSITY | Correlates of species richness in northwest Florida longleaf pine sandhills. biodiversity, longleaf pine, fire, disturbance |
| BIODIVERSITY | Trophic Cascades in a Tropical Endophytic Community. biodiversity, bottom-up effects, top-down forces, ant-plant |
| BIODIVERSITY | Does ectomycorrhizal diversity matter? Evidence from pitch pine grown under inorganic and organic phosphorus conditions. biodiversity, mycorrhizae, nutrients, phosphorus |
| BIODIVERSITY | Understanding fish invasions in California: patterns in humans and watersheds. invasive species, California, biodiversity, anthropogenic change |
| BIODIVERSITY | A 20 Year perspective on the assembly rules in a neotropical forest: When the rubber (theory) meets the road (observation). Tropical forest, biodiversity |
| BIODIVERSITY | 64 Biodiversity of endomycorrhizae in forests with distinct patterns of Araucaria angustifolia regeneration in southern Brazil. Araucaria angustifolia, mycorrhizae, regeneration, biodiversity |
| BIODIVERSITY | Biodiversity, idiosyncrasy, and the function of marine ecosystems. biodiversity, functional groups, marine ecology, ecosystem processes |
| BIODIVERSITY | Ecological roles of aquatic predators characterized by functional diversity not functional redundancy. functional equivalence, biodiversity, community structure |
| BIODIVERSITY | 90 Predicting plant community response to climate change. climate change, grassland ecology, biodiversity, functional composition |
| BIODIVERSITY | Fifty years of change in forest understory composition. III. Ecological attributes of winners and losers. biodiversity, forest understory, ecological attribute, dispersal |
| BIODIVERSITY | Functional group diversity and resistance to disturbance of the nitrogen cycle in the Patagonian steppe. biodiversity, nitrification, nitrogen cycling, ecosystem functioning |
| BIODIVERSITY | Avian species diversity is correlated with neighborhood socioeconomic status in urban parks. parks, biodiversity, socioeconomic, birds |
| BIODIVERSITY | 80 Are 'sinkholes' aptly named? Larval odonate ecology and adult species diversity in southeastern New Mexico. odonates, exuviae, larvae, biodiversity |
| BIODIVERSITY | 16 Effects of biodiversity and intrinsic species characteristics on decomposition processes in grasslands. decomposition, grasslands, biodiversity, C3 vs C4 |
| BIODIVERSITY | Mechanisms maintaining ecosystem function after species loss: Numerical and per capita compensation by stream insects. biodiversity, ecosystem function, leaf processing, stream insects |
| BIODIVERSITY | Species-rich plantings increase biomass accumulation in a salt marsh restoration experiment. biodiversity, restoration ecology, Salicornia virginica, wetlands |
| BIODIVERSITY | 87 Species richness and resistance to climate perturbation In a Mediterranean experimental grassland . stability, biodiversity, grassland, frost |
| BIODIVERSITY | Is seedling recruitment limited by disturbance history? biodiversity, seedling, disturbance, grazing |
| BIODIVERSITY | 21 A Month-long Institute on Biodiversity for High School and Middle School Science Teachers. biodiversity, science education, inquiry-based learning, science workshops |
| BIODIVERSITY | Linking biodiversity and spectral reflectance in Southern California vegetation. biodiversity, ecosystem function, remote sensing, spectral reflectance |
| BIODIVERSITY | Species richness and system function in experimental saltmarsh microcosms. biodiversity, ecosystem function, tidal wetland, Salicornia virginica |
| BIODIVERSITY | Inference about diversity estimates: Confidence intervals and statistical comparisons for sample species richness. biodiversity, bootstrap, rarefaction, species richness |
| BIODIVERSITY | Land use legacies and the recovery of a tropical forest ecosystem. biodiversity, restoration, nutrient cycling, community structure |
| BIODIVERSITY | A mechanistic model of biodiversity loss. biodiversity, extinction, model, habitat destruction |
| BIODIVERSITY | Complementarity among grassland functional groups. biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, productivity, complementary resource use |
| BIODIVERSITY | Generating biodiversity: The phylogeography of a North American insect radiation. biodiversity, radiation, speciation, phylogeography |
| BIODIVERSITY | The Effect of increasing functional redundancy on cellulose degradation. biodiversity, functiona redundancy, ecosystem processes, bacteria |
| BIODIVERSITY | The Cedar Creek biodiversity experiment: Can results after seven years resolve the biodiversity debate? biodiversity, productivity, grasslands, nitrogen |
| BIODIVERSITY | Proximity effects on willingness to pay for protection of biotic integrity in a Central Ohio stream. contingent valuation, biotic integrity, water quality, biodiversity |
| BIODIVERSITY | Effects of timber harvest practices on the biodiversity and community structure of forest Lepidoptera. logging, biodiversity, Lepidoptera, Malacosoma americanum |
| BIODIVERSITY | Economic value, biodiversity, and sandhill cranes: Platte River birding. biodiversity, economic value, sandhill crane, contingent valuation |
| BIODIVERSITY | Effects of partial canopy removal on the richness and cover of understory flora in northern hardwood forests. plant composition, forest understory, biodiversity, management |
| BIODIVERSITY | Faunal Effects on Floristic Diversity in a Lowland Neotropical Rainforest. landcrab, rainforest, biodiversity, dicotyledons |
| BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT | Evaluating methods for geographic-based biodiversity assessment: potential problems with identifying biodiversity hotspots from species-range data. biodiversity assessment, species-range maps, hotspots, species occurrence |
| BIOENERGETIC MODELS | Evaluation of the YOY Baltic herring bioenergetic model and the implications for the Baltic Sea. bioenergetic models, baltic sea, herring |
| BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODELING | A spatially-explicit database for modeling and analysis of US forest ecosystems. biogeochemical modeling, carbon sequestration, forest carbon cycling, forest management |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | Cross-system comparisons of the controls on nitrification: are aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems different? nitrification, biogeochemistry |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | Introduction: The need for integration of aquatic and terrestrial perspectives of biogeochemistry. biogeochemistry, terrestrial, aquatic, riparian |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | Integrating terrestrial and aquatic biogeochemistry: concepts, techniques, and emerging paradigms. aquatic , terrestrial, biogeochemistry |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | The effect of drawdown on P flux from soils in the Everglades Nutrient Removal Project wetland. organic phosphorus, water quality, biogeochemistry, nutrient cycling |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | Seeking better conceptualizations for integrating processes across heterogeneous domains. biogeochemistry, heterogeneous environments, integration, conceptualization |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | Do groundwater inputs matter for wetland biogeochemical functions? biogeochemistry, anaerobic, decomposition |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | Short-term changes in an oligotrophic Everglades wetland ecosystem receiving experimental phosphorus enrichment. phosphorus, wetland, everglades, biogeochemistry |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | Management issues and the integration of aquatic and terrestrial biogeochemistry: Challenges, opportunities and dangers for ecologists. biogeochemistry, nitrogen, eutrophication, wetland |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | Biogeochemical control of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) germination, emergence, and growth. cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), invasive species, biogeochemistry, Canyonlands National Park |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | Hot spots and hot moments in landscape biogeochemistry. biogeochemistry, nitrogen, carbon, land-water interactions |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | Groundwater controls on lakeshore plant communities. groundwater, lakeshores, macrophytes, biogeochemistry |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | 37 Seasonal terrestrial dissolved organic production and lake chemistry, Isle Royale National Park, Michigan. nutrient cycling, carbon, nitrogen, biogeochemistry |
| BIOGEOCHEMISTRY | 56 Watershed chemical export during snowmelt, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado. nutrient cycling, biogeochemistry, snowmelt, snowpack |
| BIOGEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES | Species richness and geographic range boundaries of benthic marine algae of the Pacific coast of North America. benthic marine algae, diversity, species richness, biogeographic boundaries |
| BIOGEOGRAPHY | Spatial subsidies alter species-area relationships on islands. diversity, subsidies, biogeography, productivity |
| BIOGEOGRAPHY | 127 Phylogeographic structure in the bogus yucca moth Prodoxus quinquepunctellus: comparisons with coexisting pollinator yucca moths. specialization, phylogeography, speciation, biogeography |
| BIOGEOGRAPHY | Distance decay as a measurement of extent's role in community composition turnover. extent, community composition, distance decay, biogeography |
| BIOGEOGRAPHY | 89 Biogeographic variation in jack pine in contrasting climates: Implications for tree response to global change. jack pine, biogeography, climate change, needle traits |
| BIOGEOGRAPHY | 81 Wings and mucus in space and time: Patterns of invertebrate biogeography in Grand Canyon. invertebrates, Grand Canyon, biogeography |
| BIOINDICATOR | Developing appropriate plant assemblage bioindicators of forested wetland hydrology. bioindicator, restoration, wetland, hydrology |
| BIOINDICATORS | Fluctuating asymmetry in stonerollers from streams of varying lead contamination history. lead contamination, fluctuating asymmetry, stream fishes, bioindicators |
| BIOINFORMATICS | 20 An information infrastructure for vegetation science: A model and prototype database for storing and integrating vegetation data. vegetation analysis, bioinformatics, database development, vegetation classification |
| BIOLOGICAL CONTROL | Behavioral assessment of potential disruption of biological control by intraguild predation. generalist predators, foraging behavior, biological control, insects |
| BIOLOGICAL CONTROL | 40 Effect of red imported fire ants on caterpillar-parasitoid interactions. intraguild predation, biological control, complex trophic interactions, Solenopsis invicta |
| BIOLOGICAL CONTROL | Assessing the likely impact of biological control of yellow starthistle: Density manipulation of seedlings. Centaurea solstitialis, knapweed, seedling density, biological control |
| BIOLOGICAL CONTROL | Intraguild predation dampens the combined impact of Grammonota and Pardosa spiders on prey populations. intraguild predation, top-down control, spider predation, biological control |
| BIOLOGICAL CONTROL | 69 Introduced tachinid parasitoid explains the enigmatic disappearance of the invasive browntail moth. invasive species, population dynamics, biological control |
| BIOLOGICAL CONTROL | The effects of parasitoid competition on coexistence and host suppression in a gall-forming midge. Rhopalomyia californica, Baccharis pilularis, parasitoid, biological control |
| BIOLOGICAL CONTROL | Weeds, bugs, and mice: why two biocontrol insects failed. Centaurea, biological control, seed predation, plant population dynamics |
| BIOLOGICAL CONTROL | Evidence of rapid evolution in the biological control weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus? host range expansion, biological control, rapid evolution, Rhinocyllus conicus |
| BIOLOGICAL CRUSTS | 44 Disturbance effects on infiltration and erosion susceptibility for biologically crusted soils in the Mojave Desert. biological crusts, infiltration, erosion, desert |
| BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY | Extent and conservation biology . Grain, Extent, biological diversity, conservation |
| BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY | Ecological assessment of riverine headwater environments. biological diversity, USA mid-South, forested riverine systems |
| BIOLOGICAL INVASION | Population biology of Mile-a-minute weed in its native and adventive habitats. Polygonum perfoliatum, matrix population models, biological invasion, life table response experiment |
| BIOLOGICAL INVASION | Acer platanoides invasion in the Northern Rocky Mountains—facilitation of exotic seedlings by overstory conspecifics. conspecific facilitation, positive interactions, Acer platanoides, biological invasion |
| BIOLOGICAL INVASION | Effect of escape from natural enemies on invasion success of a grassland plant. biological invasion, herbivory, disease, natural enemies hypothesis |
| BIOLOGICAL INVASION | 64 Soil moisture and nitrogen differences associated with leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) invasion. Euphorbia esula, biological invasion, nitrogen mineralization |
| BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS | What species and community information can be used to predict the outcome of invasion on communities? biological invasions, Alliaria petiolata, physiology, life history |
| BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS | Invasive grasses, fire, and nitrogen cycling: applications of basic research in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. fire, nitrogen, biological invasions, national park |
| BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS | The role of resource availability in plant community invasibility. biological invasions, serpentine grassland, resource availability, invasibility |
| BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS | Biological invasions as evolutionary processes. phylogeography, biological invasions, ecological genetics, adaptive radiation |
| BIOLOGICAL LEGACIES | Reproductive role of remnant old-growth trees in mature Douglas-fir forests, southern Washington Cascade Range. ecological succession , old-growth, biological legacies, seed source |
| BIOLOGICAL MARKET | Mutualism in biological market models can be facilitated or inhibited by differing requirements among species. mutualism, biological market |
| BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS | 120 Using cesium-137 to understand landscape stability in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. landscape, erosion, stability, biological soil crusts |
| BIOMANIPULATION | The trophic cascade in ponds. biomanipulation, long-term experiment, compensation, meta-analysis |
| BIOMASS | Global patterns of forest structure and productivity: Reversing the latitudinal gradient. productivity, biomass, forests, tropical |
| BIOMASS | Coherent spatial relationships of species distribution and production in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest. spatial pattern analysis, old-growth, biomass, Ripley's K statistic |
| BIOMASS | Invasion and impact of Phragmites australis in tidal freshwater marsh ecosystems. Phragmites, invasive, biomass, decomposition |
| BIOMASS | Invariant global allometric scaling relationships for rates of plant biomass production and plant community structure. scaling, allometry, biomass, species richness |
| BIOMASS | 140 Functional type contributions to production, biomass and carbon flux along a structural gradient from tundra to forest at treeline in Council, Alaska . arctic, carbon, biomass, production |
| BIOMASS ALLOCATION | Invasive potential of Paulownia tomentosa seedlings in a managed forest landscape: effects of competition, disturbance, and herbivory. biomass allocation, non-indigenous species, succession, woody seedlings |
| BIOMASS ALLOCATION | 149 Leaf lifespans, herbivory rates, and biomass allocation in Malaysian rain forest tree seedlings. biomass allocation, Borneo, shade-tolerant tree seedlings, tropical rain forest |
| BIOMASS ALLOCATION | 1 Plasticity of biomass allocation in response to multiple resource limitation. Abutilon theophrasti, resource availability, growth, biomass allocation |
| BIOMASS ALLOCATION | 25 The effects of grazing and mycorrhizae on growth of New England Aster. compensatory growth, grazing, mycorrhizal fungi, biomass allocation |
| BIOMASS PRODUCTION | Production of invasive plants in response to elevated CO2 in a closed-canopy, deciduous forest. plant invasions, Microstegium vimineum, biomass production, community composition |
| BIOME | Reconceptualizing biome: The hows and whys of extinction events. biome, extinction, attractor, global climate change |
| BIOME | Can remote atmospheric 14C measurements tell us the age of ecosystem respiration? decomposition, biome, seasonal cycle, net ecosystem exchange |
| BIOMONITORING | Ecological assessment associating stream macroinvertebrates with watershed land cover for protecting and restoring Wisconsin streams. biomonitoring, stream, land cover, disturbance |
| BIOTA | Strength of hierarchical relationships between landscapes and Midwestern US stream communities. stream, landscape, hierarchical relationships, biota |
| BIOTIC BOUNDARY | Primary production of baldcypress swamps along a latitudinal gradient. biotic boundary, production limitation, curvilinear response surface, functional assessment |
| BIOTIC CONTROL OF ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION | Biotic response to nitrogen deposition in the Colorado alpine: Priming the N cycle pump? nitrogen deposition, alpine ecosystems, species effects on nitrogen cycling, biotic control of ecosystem function |
| BIOTIC INTEGRITY | Proximity effects on willingness to pay for protection of biotic integrity in a Central Ohio stream. contingent valuation, biotic integrity, water quality, biodiversity |
| BIOTIC RESISTANCE | 109 Invasion resistance against an exotic thistle provided by natural enemies of a native thistle. ecosystem service, biotic resistance, insect herbivory, Cirsium |
| BIOTURBATION | 113 Ontogenetic variation in the effects of crayfish in a warmwater stream benthic community. ontogenetic variation, predation, bioturbation, Decapoda |
| BIOTURBATION | 121 Effects of infauna on mobile epibenthic bioturbators: Does sediment modification by clams enhance crab burrowing? bioturbation, burrowing, positive interactions, ecosystem engineering |
| BIRD | Predator activity and grassland bird nest depredation: making the connection. grassland, bird, predator, edges |
| BIRD | 150 Seasonal patterns of diversity and abundance of frugivorous birds in Georgia. frugivore, georgia, bird, migration |
| BIRD CONSERVATION | Breeding bird communities of closed-canopy boreal mixedwood forests following fire and logging disturbance. boreal mixedwoods, breeding birds, disturbance regimes, bird conservation |
| BIRD ECOLOGY | 76 Recovery of avian assemblages in restored wetlands in Prairie Canada. bird ecology, habitat, conservation, grasslands |
| BIRDS | Bird communities and low-density human settlement in the Rocky Mountain West. birds, residential development, land-use change, Colorado |
| BIRDS | 56 Habitat use and area sensitivity of birds in a highly fragmented Illinois landscape: The Critical Trends Assessment Program. habitats, birds, Illinois, monitoring |
| BIRDS | Land-use change and bird communities in large-river floodplain forests. birds, land use, floodplain, scale |
| BIRDS | Spatial dynamics of bird communities in a "resource-mosaic" landscape . birds, spatial dynamics, patchy landscapes, resource distribution |
| BIRDS | Avian species diversity is correlated with neighborhood socioeconomic status in urban parks. parks, biodiversity, socioeconomic, birds |
| BIRDS | Effects of landowner attitudes and behaviors on breeding birds in a dynamic landscape. BBS, landowners, birds, landscape |
| BIRDS | Tradeoffs in avian life history traits and consequences for population growth. birds, life history traits, population dynamics, elasticity |
| BIRDS | Seasonal patterns of avian richness and environmental productivity. species richness, birds, productivity, seasonal patterns |
| BIRDS | Relative Influences of Site, Landscape Context and Historical Factors on Birds in a Fragmented Landscape. habitat fragmentation, birds, Australia, eucalypt woodlands |
| BISON | Habitat utilization shifts by bison in Yellowstone National Park . yellowstone, bison, habitat, Bison bison |
| BISON | The phenology of space: Spatial density dependence in Yellowstone National Park bison. density dependence, yellowstone, bison, Bison bison |
| BISON | Changes in Yellowstone National Park bison aggregation behavior as predictors of environmental state. yellowstone, bison, aggregation, Bison bison |
| BLACK GUM | 21 Distribution, composition, and age structure of black gum (Nyssa sylvatica) swamps in New Hampshire. Nyssa sylvatica, black gum, old-growth, New Hampshire |
| BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG | 17 Black-tailed prairie dog mounds: Do they contribute to plant species diversity? black-tailed prairie dog, disturbance, plant diversity, soil mounds |
| BLOWDOWN | Impact of compound disturbances on N-cycling and forest reorganization in a wind-disturbed and logged forest. blowdown, logging, nutrient cycling, disturbance |
| BOBWHITE QUAIL | Optimal group size and Northern Bobwhite coveys. bobwhite quail, optimal group size, Allee Effect |
| BODY MASS PATTERN | Are animal body mass patterns from structurally similar ecosystems similar? textural-discontinuity hypothesis, cross-scale ecology, ecological structure, body mass pattern |
| BODY SIZE | 45 Density-dependent population dynamics influenced by parental control of offspring size and number. population dynamics, body size, Nicrophorus investigator, life-history strategies |
| BODY SIZE | 32 Condition-dependent habitat selection in Douglas-fir beetles. bark beetle, scolytidae, conspecific attraction, body size |
| BODY SIZE | Phenotypic selection on body size and sprint performance in the tree lizard Urosaurus ornatus. locomotor performance, phenotypic selection, lizard, body size |
| BODY WATER TURNOVER | Oxygen and carbon isotope compositions in desert endotherms and ectotherms: Effects of diet, physiology, and climate. isotopic signature, body water turnover, endotherm and ectotherm, c3 and c4 |
| BOOTSTRAP | Inference about diversity estimates: Confidence intervals and statistical comparisons for sample species richness. biodiversity, bootstrap, rarefaction, species richness |
| BOREAL | Nitrogen mineralization and phenol accumulation along a fire chronosequence in northern Sweden . ericoids, boreal, allelopathy, charcoal |
| BOREAL | A facultative crown fire regime tuned down by culture? 700 years of change in boreal Sweden. fire, management, boreal |
| BOREAL | Evidence of fire suppression impacts on fire size and frequency in the boreal forest of Ontario. boreal, fire, ontario, suppression |
| BOREAL | Climate warming-induced changes in the structure and function of benthic communities in a boreal lake. climate, epilithon, boreal, temperature |
| BOREAL | Wavelet analysis of boreal canopy-understory relationships at multiple scales. wavelets, boreal, canopy, understory |
| BOREAL | 54 Nitrogen additions and freeze-thaw events influence Nitrogen cycling in the boreal forest. boreal, soil, N-cycling, microbial |
| BOREAL BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS | Net ecosystem production of two contrasting boreal black spruce ecosystems in central Saskatchewan. net ecosystem production, boreal black spruce forests, feathermoss, sphagnum |
| BOREAL FOREST | 7 Modelling photosynthesis under different soil temperatures. boreal forest, coupled photosynthesis-stomatal condutance model, gas exchange model, soil temperature |
| BOREAL FOREST | 10 Analysis of the distribution of vegetation classes in interior Alaska. vegetation classification, interior Alaska, boreal forest |
| BOREAL FOREST | 37 Differential susceptibility of near-boreal trees to wind disturbance. windthrow, species' differential susceptability, wind disturbance, boreal forest |
| BOREAL FOREST | Mapped pollen and lake-levels indicate precipitation controlled Holocene expansion of boreal evergreen forest in Beringia. beringia, boreal forest, climate change, precipitation |
| BOREAL FOREST | 36 Causes and correlates of tree damage in an old-growth sub-boreal forest subject to catastrophic wind. boreal forest, wind, treefall, Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness |
| BOREAL FOREST | 52 Distribution and carbon flux of coarse woody debris in a boreal black spruce chronosequence. coarse woody debris, boreal forest, litter decay, carbon dioxide |
| BOREAL FOREST | Wildfire regimes and fire suppression in the North American boreal forest. wildfire, suppression, boreal forest |
| BOREAL FOREST | Changes in successional trajectory associated with fire near the range limit of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. contorta). plant migration, fire regime, boreal forest, ecosystem feedbacks |
| BOREAL FOREST | Variability in the sensitivity of arctic and alpine treeline to climate change. arctic treeline, climate change, boreal forest, Picea glauca |
| BOREAL FOREST | Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in interior Alaska following land-use change. decomposition, soil respiration, boreal forest, climate change |
| BOREAL FOREST | 100 Soil surface CO2 flux in boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. soil surface CO2 flux, fire, boreal forest, chronosequence |
| BOREAL FOREST | 3 Design and implementation of a fire regime simulation model for Ontario. fire simulation, disturbance regime, modeling, boreal forest |
| BOREAL FOREST | 128 A comparison of spatial vegetation patterns following clearcuts and fires in Ontario's boreal forests. fire disturbance, clear cuts, spatial vegetation patterns, boreal forest |
| BOREAL FOREST | Modeling spatially explicit transition of boreal forest cover in the absence of disturbances. boreal forest, landscape model, forest cover change, post-fire transition |
| BOREAL FOREST | P limitation in boreal forests: effects of Al and Fe in the humus layer. P limitation, boreal forest, P sorption, plant availabilty |
| BOREAL FOREST FIRE | 39 A retrospective analysis to explore the interaction between spruce budworm outbreaks and forest fire activity in Ontario. disturbance interactions, boreal forest fire, Choristoneura fumiferana, climatic change |
| BOREAL FOREST STRUCTURE | Effects of marine-derived nutrients on riparian forest structure in southwest Alaska. marine-derived nutrients, riparian ecology, boreal forest structure |
| BOREAL MIXEDWOOD RIPARIAN FOREST | Are riparian forests unique? Boreal mixedwood riparian forest structure, small mammals, amphibians, and songbirds. boreal mixedwood riparian forest, amphibians, mammals, songbirds |
| BOREAL MIXEDWOODS | Breeding bird communities of closed-canopy boreal mixedwood forests following fire and logging disturbance. boreal mixedwoods, breeding birds, disturbance regimes, bird conservation |
| BOREAL TREE | Allometric plasticity of three early successional tree species along a nitrogen gradient. resource allocation, nutrient gradient, boreal tree |
| BOTTOM-UP | Effects of winter light limitation and herbivory on a high intertidal community. bottom-up, top-down, irradiance, herbivory |
| BOTTOM-UP | Interseasonal carryover of a fertilization pulse on populations of an insect herbivore and its predators. herbivory, food web, bottom-up, salt-marsh |
| BOTTOM-UP EFFECTS | Trophic Cascades in a Tropical Endophytic Community. biodiversity, bottom-up effects, top-down forces, ant-plant |
| BOTTOM-UP/TOP-DOWN | Cross-scale linkages between bottom-up factors and interaction strength in rocky intertidal communities. cross-scale linkages, bottom-up/top-down, rocky intertidal, California current |
| BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FOREST | How sensitive are fine root dynamics and BNPP to short and long-term changes in soil water content? roots, BNPP, hydroperiod, bottomland hardwood forest |
| BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FOREST | Effects of hydroperiod on seedling banks within a coastal plain bottomland forest in Southeastern Louisiana. seedling banks, bottomland hardwood forest, hydroperiod, Louisiana |
| BOTTUM-UP APPROACH | On the topoclimatic and bottom-up modeling approaches in a rugged mixed-hardwood forest. topoclimatic model, bottum-up approach, soil respiration, environmental variables |
| BREEDING | 156 Habitat composition determines breeding success of Tengalm's owls under fluctuating food conditions. owls, breeding, habitat |
| BREEDING BIRDS | Breeding bird communities of closed-canopy boreal mixedwood forests following fire and logging disturbance. boreal mixedwoods, breeding birds, disturbance regimes, bird conservation |
| BREEDING BIRDS | 38 Breeding bird response to landscape patterns along the C & O Canal National Historical Park, USA. breeding birds, landscape change, C & O Canal National Historical Park, Maryland |
| BROAD LEAF SPECIES | 88 Growth, nitrogen uptake and allocation responses of six temperate tree species to elevated CO2 . elevated CO2, N uptake and allocation, broad leaf species, conifers |
| BROOD PARASITISM | Parental behavior of a Cowbird host: Caught between the costs of egg-removal and nest predation. brood parasitism, nest predation, incubation behavior, yellow warbler |
| BROOD PARASITISM | Dynamic spatial control of pests at the landscape scale: an example with cowbirds. cowbirds, brood parasitism, individual-based model, pest managment |
| BROOK TROUT | How much of nothing is enough? Problems with zero abundance data in fish habitat models. animal abundance, linear regression, brook trout |
| BUDGETS | 50 Do nitrogen budgets explain soil nitrogen mineralization rate differences between oak-pine and northern hardwood stands? nitrogen, mineralization, soils, budgets |
| BUMBLE BEE | 79 Pollen dispersal by bumble bees and butterflies visiting Brassica napus: implications for plant mating. pollen dispersal, transgenic plant, butterfly, bumble bee |
| BUMBLEBEES | Effects of habitat fragmentation on bumblebee movement in a Massachusetts conservation area. bumblebees, Clethra alnifolia, habitat fragmentation, pollination |
| BURN TIMING | Developing a predictive framework for the restoration of Midwestern prairie-savanna plant communities. floristic qualitic index, burn timing, exotic species control, native species recruitment |
| BURROWING | Ecosystem engineering at the intertidal: Interaction crabs - halophytic plant facilitates growth of creeks . Salicornia marsh, burrowing, creek formation, ecosystem engineering |
| BURROWING | 120 The ecological importance of passive deposition of organic matter into burrows of crabs. Chasmagnathus granulata, organic matter, burrowing |
| BURROWING | 121 Effects of infauna on mobile epibenthic bioturbators: Does sediment modification by clams enhance crab burrowing? bioturbation, burrowing, positive interactions, ecosystem engineering |
| BURST SWIMMING SPEED | Swim fast or grow fast: a fundamental trade-off in anuran tadpoles. growth rate, burst swimming speed, trade-off, tadpole |
| BUTTERFLIES | 32 Response of butterfly assemblages to ungulate herbivory along an elevation gradient. butterflies, ungulate browsing, exclosures, species richness |
| BUTTERFLIES | 117 Habitat enhancement for the endangered Karner blue butterfly in the Eau Claire River Basin, Wisconsin. butterflies, prairie restoration, Lupinus perennis, Lycaeides melissa samuelis |
| BUTTERFLIES | 61 Butterflies as a measure of success for planting native prairie on Conservation Reserve Program parcels. butterflies, CRP, prairie restoration |
| BUTTERFLIES | 98 Quantifying the human dimensions of the environment. statistical, technique, butterflies, humans |
| BUTTERFLIES | Population dynamics during rapid response to climatic change. range change, climate change, insect population dynamics, butterflies |
| BUTTERFLY | Corridors as movement conduits in a large-scale experiment. corridor, movement, conservation, butterfly |
| BUTTERFLY | Go towards the light: butterfly species richness increases following ponderosa pine restoration. butterfly, restoration, ponderosa pine, community structure |
| BUTTERFLY | 79 Pollen dispersal by bumble bees and butterflies visiting Brassica napus: implications for plant mating. pollen dispersal, transgenic plant, butterfly, bumble bee |
| BUTTERFLY COMMUNITY | Response of a butterfly community to habitat structure along a continuum of degraded savanna sites. oak savanna, butterfly community, fire frequency, indicator species |