
| HOME SCHEDULE AUTHOR INDEX SUBJECT INDEX |
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
| FACE | Three years of shrub productivity under natural wet and dry cycles at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility. Elevated CO2 , Plant Growth, Mojave Desert, FACE |
| FACE | The relationship between NPP and nitrogen cycling in a forest under FACE: 4-Year results. FACE, nitrogen cycling, net primary production, elevated CO2 |
| FACE | 97 Effects of canopy position on photosynthetic response of sweetgum leaves to free-air CO2 enrichment. FACE, deciduous tree, photosynthesis, canopy |
| FACE | 98 Stomatal conductance and stomatal limitation of photosynthesis in overstory sweetgum trees during four years CO2 enrichment at the Duke Forest FACE experiment. FACE, CO2, stomatal conductance , WUE |
| FACE | 106 Ecosystem carbon flux under elevated CO2 by FACE technique in southern California chaparral. elevated CO2, FACE, carbon flux, chaparral |
| FACE | 94 Increased soil respiration under elevated CO2 at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility. soil respiration, FACE, elevated CO2, Mojave |
| FACE EXPERIMENT | Soil carbon dynamics in a forest under free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE). soil carbon, FACE experiment, stable isotopes, particulate organic matter |
| FAME | Effects of N deposition on plants and soil microorganisms on an urban to rural gradient in southern California. coastal sage scrub, FAME, mycorrhizae |
| FARSITE | Interactions of wildfire components: Modeling the Cerro Grande Fire. wildfire, FARSITE, fire behavior, modeling |
| FIRE ECOLOGY | 118 Fire, mangement, and disturbance effects on Karner Blue habitat. LUPINE, KARNER BLUE, FIRE ECOLOGY, RESTORATION ECOLOGY |
| FT-IR | 18 Micro-scale changes in leaf litter surface carbohydrate chemistry during decomposition. decomposition, leaf, FT-IR, carbohydrates |
| FTIR | 66 Simultaneous Measurement of CO2, N2O, and NOx Fluxes from Cryptobiotic Soil Crusts. gas exchange, cryptobiotic crust, FTIR, chamber |
| FAIRY SHRIMP | 78 Spatial distribution and courtship behavior in the fairy shrimp Eubranchipus bundyi . Eubranchipus bundyi, Fairy Shrimp, Anostraca, invertebrate behavior |
| FEEDBACK | Group Information Gathering. Information, Tension, Games, Feedback |
| FENG-SHUI | Traditional and modern ways of land-use planning and managment in South Korea. Feng-Shui, land-use, planning, Korea |
| FERN | 24 Soil and vegetation changes along savanna-ecotone gradient in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela. Gradient, Ecotone, Fern, Savanna |
| FERTILIZATION | 85 Fertilized Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) trees produce low density wood. Wood Density, Fertilization, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca |
| FERTILIZER | Litter layer nitrogen release in fertilized and unfertilized Pinus taeda L. stands in southeastern Georgia. Nitrogen, Litter layer, Fertilizer, Pinus taeda |
| FIRE REGIME | 137 Fire history in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Fire Regime, Alaska |
| FIRE | Nitrogen budgets in Sierran Forests: Relative roles of atmospheric deposition, fire and nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen, Snowmelt, Fire, N-fixation |
| FIRE DISTURBANCE | Modeling the carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska . Fire disturbance, soil carbon dynamics, soil respiration, soil thermal dynamics |
| FIRE ECOLOGY | Climate determinants of fire regimes in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Fire ecology, Climate change, Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Natural range of variability |
| FIRE EXCLUSION | 127 Influence of fire exclusion on stand structure and nitrogen cycling in Ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of western Montana. Allelopathy, N cycling, Water availability, Fire exclusion |
| FISHES | Assembly of fishes and macroinvertebrates in a large neotropical floodplain river: The role of structural habitat complexity. Assemblage structure, Habitat complexity, Neotropical floodplain river, Fishes |
| FIXED-AREA PLOTS | Fixed area plot vs. point-centered-quarter methods in forest community analysis. Fixed-area plots, Point-centered-quarter, Measurement bias, Community structure |
| FLINT RIVER | 110 Water quality of the Flint River and its tributaries. Flint River, AL, Water Quality Index (WQI) |
| FLOOD PULSE CONCEPT | Effects of the 1993 flood on fish communities in the Upper Mississippi River: what can be learned from long-term monitoring? 1993 Flood, Upper Misssissippi River System, Long-Term Monitoring of Fish Communities, Flood Pulse Concept |
| FLOODPLAIN | Fluvial geomorphology and biodiversity of forested wetlands along two tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Forested Wetland, Fluvial geomorphology, Biodiversity, Floodplain |
| FLOODPLAIN | Influence of canopy tree types on litter production and soil microbial activities in Wisconsin River floodplain. Floodplain, Litter, Silver maple, Soil microbes |
| FLORIDA | The robustness of physiologically based functional groups in Florida scrub. functional, group, physiology, Florida |
| FLORIDA PANTHER | 36 Evaluating the viability and potential recovery options for the Florida panther. population viability analysis, recovery, Florida panther, Puma concolor coryi |
| FLORIDA ROSEMARY SCRUB | 106 Evaluating population viability with fire in Eryngium cuneifolium: deciphering a decade of demographic data. population viability, fire effects on demography, extinction risk, Florida rosemary scrub |
| FLORIDA SCRUB | 121 The metapopulation genetics of Polygonella basiramia, a federally endangered plant endemic to the Florida scrub. endangered species, Florida scrub, metapopulation genetics, Polygonella basiramia |
| FLORIDA SCRUB | Microhabitat of two Florida scrub endemic plant species with comparisons to their widespread congeners. microhabitat, rare species, habitat specialization, Florida scrub |
| FLORIDA SCRUB OAK | Seasonal and interannual variations in ecosystem water and carbon fluxes in Florida scrub oak . eddy covariance, carbon exchange, NEE, Florida scrub oak |
| FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY | Fluvial geomorphology and biodiversity of forested wetlands along two tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Forested Wetland, Fluvial geomorphology, Biodiversity, Floodplain |
| FORAGING GAMES | Foraging games between gerbils and their predators: apprehension in gerbils. Foraging games, predator-prey interactions, gerbils, foraging theory |
| FORAGING NICHE | Indirect effects of the chemical properties of plant leaves on tree use among tits. Indirect effects, Parus species, Spicebush, Foraging niche |
| FORECASTING | Ecological forecasting: An organizing theme for ecological sciences. Forecasting, CENR, Prediction, Ecosystems |
| FOREST DISTURBANCE | 41 Land management and soil composition effects on vegetation and nitrogen dynamics in Ft Benning, Georgia. Forest Disturbance, Nitrogen Cycling |
| FOREST MANAGEMENT | Quantifying historic carbon budgets of forest ecosystems in Ontario. Climate Change, Carbon Sequestration, Forest Management, Kyoto Protocol |
| FOREST SOIL | The fate and retention of organic and inorganic nitrogen in a western Oregon coniferous forest . Organic Nitrogen, Retention, Forest Soil, Lobaria oregana |
| FOREST | Can we mediate N2O fluxes in managed ecosystems by manipulating organic matter inputs? Trace gas, Forest, Agriculture |
| FOREST FRAGMENTATION | Factors associated with spatial patterns of dead trees in three forest fragments -- a multiple-scale approach. Domino effect, Forest fragmentation, Multiple-scale approach, Tree mortality |
| FOREST HISTORY | The postglacial history of three Picea species in New England, USA. CART, Classification tree, Forest history, Pollen analysis |
| FOREST REGENERATION | 34 Environmental gradients in the establishment of relict Acer saccharum subsp. skutchii (Rehder) E. Murray-Podocarpus reichei Buchh et N. Gray communities in southwestern México. Forest regeneration, Cloud forest, Acer saccharum subsp. skutchii, Podocarpus reichei |
| FORESTED WETLAND | Fluvial geomorphology and biodiversity of forested wetlands along two tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Forested Wetland, Fluvial geomorphology, Biodiversity, Floodplain |
| FORESTED ECOSYSTEMS | Stoichiometric equilibration of N and P losses over four million years of tropical forest development. Forested ecosystems, Tropical forests, Nutrient losses, Nitrogen, Phosphorus |
| FORMICIDAE | Linked interaction modifications in ant - phorid fly interactions: a role in determining ant assemblage structure? indirect effects, competition, Formicidae, Phoridae |
| FRAGMENTATION | A Regional analysis of the effects of grassland fragmentation on nesting success of breeding birds. Fragmentation, Prairie, Birds |
| FRAGMENTATION | 122 Prairie species diversity along a connectivity gradient. Fragmentation, Restoration, Prairie, Connectivity |
| FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT | Changes in soil carbon stocks with land management and increasing atmospheric CO2. Soil Organic Matter, Carbon Sequestration, Free-Air CO2 Enrichment |
| FRENCH GUIANA | 8 Relationships between neotropical tree seedling morphology and performance in contrasting environments. tropical rain forest, seedling regeneration, life history traits, French Guiana |
| FRUGIVORY | Do habitat corridors facilitate seed dispersal by birds? Seed dispersal, Habitat corridors, Frugivory |
| FUEL | Fuel loads in tweleve southeastern Ohio mixed-oak stands. CWD, Fuel, Appalachia |
| FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE | Ecological and Evolutionary consequences of functional equivalence in ecological interactions. multispecific systems, generalization, Functional equivalence |
| FUNCTIONAL GROUP | The measurement, prediction, and significance of functional similarity. Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Functional group, Experiments |
| FUZZY LOGIC | GIS, expert knowledge, and fuzzy logic-based approach to soil mapping over areas with moderate relief. GIS, Expert Systems, Fuzzy Logic, Soil Mapping |
| FACE | 102 Canopy and biomass responses of native undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubs to multiple years of exposure to elevated CO2 using FACE technology. desert shrubs, elevated carbon dioxide, face, allometry |
| FACILITATION | Introduced fish increases survival of introduced bullfrogs. invasion, Rana catesbeiana, facilitation, ponds |
| FACILITATION | Modeling facilitation succession as an analog of altruistic interactions: generation of hypotheses for empirical study. facilitation, succession, forests, models |
| FACILITATION | A novel herbivore refuge? exploitative competition, facilitation, indirect commensalism, refuge from parasitism |
| FACILITATION | Competitive and facilitative interactions among two species of coastal dune perennials. competition, facilitation, dune plants, gradients |
| FACILITATION | 61 Gallery forest expansion in tallgrass prairie: mechanisms facilitating oak success. gallery forest, forest expansion, Quercus, facilitation |
| FACILITATION | 114 Contrasting effects of neighboring vegetation on Ulmus rubra seedlings in successional grassland. competition, facilitation, grassland, plant-removal experiment |
| FACILITATION | Facilitation among annual plants in the Negev desert. facilitation, commensalism, interactions, arid |
| FACILITATION | Primary succession in coastal sand dunes: is there facilitation? facilitation, succession, coastal sand dunes, Gulf of Mexico |
| FACILITATION | 117 Competition and facilitation during the establishment of perennial grasses. Bromus tectorum, competition, facilitation, wheatgrass |
| FACILITATION | 13 Mechanisms of facilitation between a perennial tussock grass and a shrub in a semiarid degraded steppe. facilitation, plant interactions, steppe, Stipa tenacissima |
| FACILITATION | The use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains. facilitation, Mediterranean ecosystems, nurse plant, reforestation |
| FACILITATION | Functional group versus species-specific approaches to positive interactions in plant communities. facilitation, species-specific, interactions, functional groups |
| FALLING RATES | Understanding old-growth forests using stand-level processes. old-growth forest, gap dynamics, age-specific mortality rates, falling rates |
| FATTY ACID ANALYSIS | Impact of soil nutrient availability on microbial community composition in Hawaiian tropical soils. microbial community, fatty acid analysis, tropical soil |
| FAUNAL RELAXATION | 42 Relaxation of tropical avian communities on recently created land-bridge islands. faunal relaxation, fragmentation, land-bridge islands |
| FEATHERMOSS | Net ecosystem production of two contrasting boreal black spruce ecosystems in central Saskatchewan. net ecosystem production, boreal black spruce forests, feathermoss, sphagnum |
| FECUNDITY | 72 Fecundity schedules for forest trees. fecundity, seed shadow, allocation |
| FECUNDITY | 11 Effects of light, soil moisture, time and forest canopy gaps on fecundity, size, and growth of Trillium ovatum Pursh in Douglas-Fir forests. Trillium, fecundity, age, light |
| FEEDBACK LOOP | 43 Early warning indicators for sudden ecosystem change: monitoring dominant feedbacks in shallow lakes. early warning indicators, shallow lakes, alternate stable states, feedback loop |
| FEEDING COMPETITION | Competitive behavioral interactions between the introduced Red-eared Slider (T.s. elegans) and the native Midland Painted Turtle (C.p. marginata). Trachemys scripta elegans, Invasionary species, behavioral competition, feeding competition |
| FEN | The role of clonal integration in the survival and growth of four wetland plant species. clonal integration, ramet aggregation, fen, wetlands |
| FENCE EFFECTS | Effects of fence, herbicide, and lime on regeneration of sugar maple in northern Pennsylvania. acer saccharum, fence effects, lime effects, herbicide effects |
| FERNS | 25 Testing the scale-dependence of species associations among ferns. ferns, DCA ordination, scale |
| FERTILITY | Effects of nutrients and hydrology on the assemblage of wetland plants. wetlands, competition, Lythrum salicaria, fertility |
| FERTILIZATION | Resilience of litterfall production after a hurricane in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. disturbance, tropical forests, litter, fertilization |
| FERTILIZATION | The response of mycorrhizal fungi to long-term fertilization of an oak savanna. arbuscular mycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, fertilization |
| FERTILIZATION | 116 Fertilization in the sea: chemical identity and ecological implications of abalone sperm attractant. fertilization, attractant, sperm, speciation |
| FERTILIZER | Soil community composition and ecosystem processes. decomposition, fertilizer, nitrogen mineralization, pesticides |
| FERTILIZER | 36 The impact of hydrology and agricultural activity on nitrate export in the Mississippi River system. nitrogen flux, hydrology - rivers, fertilizer, Mississippi River basin |
| FESCUE | 115 The efficacy of prairie restoration in Cades Cove, Smoky Mountains National Park. fescue, non-native species, plant diversity |
| FIELD BEHAVIOR | Locomotor performance and social dominance in male Anolis cristatellus (Reptilia: Sauria). Anolis cristatellus, locomotor physiology, social dominance, field behavior |
| FILTER | In search of general principles in regeneration ecology. ecosystem, regeneration, invasion, filter |
| FINANCIAL ANALYSES | Land applying paper and pulp mill residues: Integrating biology and economics to evaluate waste recycling. land application, mill residues, modeling, financial analyses |
| FINE ROOT DEATH | 61 Fine root demography differs among xeric and mesic adult tree species in a sandhill habitat of southeastern US. fine root demography, fine root death, fine root longevity, Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, Quercus incana, Quercus margaretta, sandhill ecology |
| FINE ROOT DEMOGRAPHY | 61 Fine root demography differs among xeric and mesic adult tree species in a sandhill habitat of southeastern US. fine root demography, fine root death, fine root longevity, Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, Quercus incana, Quercus margaretta, sandhill ecology |
| FINE ROOT DEMOGRAPHY | The influence of the soil environment on Pinus palustris fine root dynamics. Pinus palustris, fine root demography, soil resources, nitrogen mineralization |
| FINE ROOT LONGEVITY | 61 Fine root demography differs among xeric and mesic adult tree species in a sandhill habitat of southeastern US. fine root demography, fine root death, fine root longevity, Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, Quercus incana, Quercus margaretta, sandhill ecology |
| FINE ROOT PHYSIOLOGY | Fine root physiology, tissue construction and morphology in tree species of different growth rate. fine root physiology, temporate forest trees, root decomposition |
| FINE ROOT PRODUCTION | CO2 enrichment increases net primary productivity but not biomass increment in a closed-canopy forest stand. elevated CO2, Liquidambar styraciflua, net primary productivity, fine root production |
| FINE ROOTS | Do litterbags underestimate fine root decomposition? root decay , fine roots, intact cores, litterbags |
| FINE ROOTS | Architecture of Pinus strobus fine roots across upland and wetland ecosystems. C, fine roots, Pinus strobus, specific root length |
| FINE ROOTS | 58 Differences between rhizosphere and bulk soil in a nutrient-poor loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. rhizosphere, nutrient uptake, fine roots, mycorrhizae |
| FINE ROOTS | 60 Substituting root numbers for length - Improving the use of minirhizotrons to study fine root dynamics. minirhizotron, fine roots, production, mortality |
| FIRE | 139 Shrub encroachment in a protected palm savanna. Responses to fire in three dominant Asteraceae species. Asteraceae, fire , sprouting, seedling |
| FIRE | Fire effects on plant diversity in serpentine versus nonserpentine chaparral and grassland. fire, species diversity, productivity, serpentine |
| FIRE | 23 Multivariate analysis of floodplain oak savanna community composition. gradient, fire, floodplain, savanna |
| FIRE | Designing basic research in national parks: landscape processes in Yellowstone National Park. Pinus contorta, disturbance, landscape, fire |
| FIRE | Spatial variation and age dependency in burning patterns. California, chaparral, fire, hazard |
| FIRE | Managing alternative stable states: Fire, Longleaf pine, and Oaks in nothern Florida. ecological resilience, ecosystem management, fire, longleaf pine |
| FIRE | 16 Ecosystem controls of landscape-level bison (Bos bison) grazing patterns in a tallgrass prairie. fire, grazing, nitrogen, landscape |
| FIRE | 100 Soil surface CO2 flux in boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. soil surface CO2 flux, fire, boreal forest, chronosequence |
| FIRE | Correlates of species richness in northwest Florida longleaf pine sandhills. biodiversity, longleaf pine, fire, disturbance |
| FIRE | The effect of global climate change on fire regimes in Everglades National Park. fire, global change |
| FIRE | Interactions of climate, land use, and carbon in Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. fire, carbon, land-use |
| FIRE | 4 Woody vegetation expansion in a mesic grassland: fire frequency, topography, and interannual variability. grassland, fire, woody vegetation |
| FIRE | 141 Longleaf pine gap dynamics on a North Carolina flatwoods site. Pinus palustris, regeneration, North Carolina, fire |
| FIRE | Invasive grasses, fire, and nitrogen cycling: applications of basic research in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. fire, nitrogen, biological invasions, national park |
| FIRE | 48 Disturbance-associated assembly and response rules in blackland prairies. fire, assembly rules, response rules, null models |
| FIRE | The fate of nutrients released by control burning and the effect on pine seedling growth. Pinus rigida, fire, litter, root:shoot ratio |
| FIRE | The radiocarbon signature of soil respiration following fire in Alaskan boreal forest: does disturbance release old soil carbon to the atmosphere? carbon, soil respiration, radiocarbon, fire |
| FIRE | 148 Effects of fire and grazing on vegetation in northern Chihuahuan desert grasslands. Bouteloua eriopoda, desert grasslands, fire, livestock grazing |
| FIRE | Effects of disturbances on cryptobiotic crusts in Grand Staircase - Escalante National Monument, Utah. cryptobiotic crusts, disturbance, fire, chaining |
| FIRE | Why do non-sprouters exist? Seedling drought tolerance in resprouting and non-sprouting populations of Ceanothus tomentosus. fire, resprouting, drought, Ceanothus |
| FIRE | 149 Effects of fire and grazing on patterns of resource availability: A comparison of North American and South African grasslands. grasslands, fire, grazers, resource availability |
| FIRE | The response of woody vegetation in tallgrass prairie under different fire regimes. tallgrass prairie, fire, woody vegetation, spatial patterns |
| FIRE | 150 Can fire maintain central Texas savannas? Juniperus ashei, fire, savannas |
| FIRE | 142 Effects of fire on tree juvenile height and leaf phenology in central India. central India, deciduous forests, fire, leaf phenology |
| FIRE | Interactions between fire and wind disturbances in a subalpine forest in northwestern Colorado. wind disturbance, fire, GIS, Colorado |
| FIRE | 140 Invertebrate population dynamics after oak community disturbance by burning in California, USA, and Portugal, South Europe. invertebrates, fire, oak, disturbance |
| FIRE | Spatial demography of trees in an oak savanna. savanna, fire, spatial pattern, age structure |
| FIRE | Is shade tolerance a fixed species trait? Evidence for shifting tolerance with herbivory. shade tolerance, succession, fire, herbivory |
| FIRE | 136 Patterns of fire in Russia derived using remote sensing techniques. fire, avhrr, russia, ecology |
| FIRE | Erosion of plant diversity in prairie remnants slowed but not stopped by recent fires. prairie, fire, diversity, Wisconsin |
| FIRE | 149 Effects of forest management practices on avian community structure and productivity. community organization, disturbance, fire |
| FIRE | 141 Forest succession following fire along an altitudinal gradient, North Cascades National Park, Washington, USA. succession, fire, Psuedotsuga menziesii, Lodgepole pine |
| FIRE | Life history patterns and the possibilities for minimizing the occurrence of crown fires. fire, vegetation, stability |
| FIRE | Elevated CO2 increases net ecosystem CO2 uptake in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem . elevated co2, net ecosystem co2 exchange, open-top chambers, fire |
| FIRE | 135 Fire history in high elevation subalpine forests in the Colorado Front Range. fire, climate change, subalpine forests, Colorado Front Range |
| FIRE | Salt spray, fire, and water availability: complex interactions in managed coastal heathland plant communities. salt spray, fire, water availability, coastal heathlands |
| FIRE | A facultative crown fire regime tuned down by culture? 700 years of change in boreal Sweden. fire, management, boreal |
| FIRE | Preserving restored tallgrass prairie using seasonal burning and mowing: Results from 1981-1993. tallgrass prairie, fire, mowing, diversity |
| FIRE | Evidence of fire suppression impacts on fire size and frequency in the boreal forest of Ontario. boreal, fire, ontario, suppression |
| FIRE | Burning slash has no long-term effect on AM inoculum potential but does affect quality of revegetation. AM mycorrhizae, slash, fire |
| FIRE ANT | Predicting the vulnerability of endangered vertebrate species to fire ant impacts using landscape level predictors. fire ant, endangered species, GIS , spatial modeling |
| FIRE BEHAVIOR | Interactions of wildfire components: Modeling the Cerro Grande Fire. wildfire, FARSITE, fire behavior, modeling |
| FIRE BOUNDARIES | The structure of fire and clearcut edges in black spruce boreal forest. edge influence, forest structure, fire boundaries, clearcut edges |
| FIRE DISTURBANCE | A spatially explicit model to assess environmental constraints on historic tree distributions across southern Wisconsin. u.s. general land office surveys, southern wisconsin, fire disturbance, large-scale ecological model |
| FIRE DISTURBANCE | 128 A comparison of spatial vegetation patterns following clearcuts and fires in Ontario's boreal forests. fire disturbance, clear cuts, spatial vegetation patterns, boreal forest |
| FIRE ECOLOGY | 146 Prescribed fire effects on nutrient losses via leaching and volatilization along glade-forest ecotonal boundary. fire ecology, nutrient cycling, volatilization, soil water leachate |
| FIRE ECOLOGY | Responses of fire and vegetation to Little-Ice-Age climatic change in boreal Alaska. climate change, fire ecology, Little Ice Age, Alaska |
| FIRE ECOLOGY | 151 Potential effects of spring prescribed burning on Carpenteria californica, a rare shrub of the Sierra Nevada foothills. fire ecology, seed germination, fire management |
| FIRE EFFECTS | Tree death in surface fires: modeling the effects of elevated temperatures on the vascular cambium. fire effects, vascular cambium cell mortality, thermal kinetics, tree death |
| FIRE EFFECTS ON DEMOGRAPHY | 106 Evaluating population viability with fire in Eryngium cuneifolium: deciphering a decade of demographic data. population viability, fire effects on demography, extinction risk, Florida rosemary scrub |
| FIRE FREQUENCY | 77 Simulation of the impact of fire on the location and structure of the Prairie-Forest border in Minnesota. prairie-forest border, fire frequency, simulation, LANDIS |
| FIRE FREQUENCY | Fire arrival probabilities vary with stand-type in boreal mixedwood forests. lightning fire arrivals, inhomogeneous Poisson process, fire frequency |
| FIRE FREQUENCY | Rare vascular flora of the longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem: temporal responses to fire frequency. rare flora, fire frequency, longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem, conservation biology |
| FIRE FREQUENCY | Response of a butterfly community to habitat structure along a continuum of degraded savanna sites. oak savanna, butterfly community, fire frequency, indicator species |
| FIRE HISTORY | Historical mixed-severity fire regimes in the southwestern interior of British Columbia, Canada. fire history, mixed-severity fire regimes, British Columbia |
| FIRE INTENSITY | Effects of pre-fire fuel load manipulation on shrub resprouting 2 and 14 months post-fire in pine savanna. resprouting, fire intensity, pine savanna, shrubs |
| FIRE INTENSITY | Estimates of burn severity and habitat loss using remote sensing: Implications for restoration . spectral linear unmixing, fire intensity, sagebrush rangelands |
| FIRE MANAGEMENT | 53 The effects of burn intensity and spatial genotype change on post fire size change in Vaccinium stamineum. Vaccinium stamineum, fire management, clonal growth, spatial genotype changes |
| FIRE MANAGEMENT | 151 Potential effects of spring prescribed burning on Carpenteria californica, a rare shrub of the Sierra Nevada foothills. fire ecology, seed germination, fire management |
| FIRE REGIME | Changes in successional trajectory associated with fire near the range limit of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. contorta). plant migration, fire regime, boreal forest, ecosystem feedbacks |
| FIRE REGIME | Changes in crown fire regime along a regional biophysical gradient. fire regime, chaparral, California |
| FIRE SEVERITY | 152 Spatial models of fire severity for study design and landscape analysis. fire severity, spatial models, study design |
| FIRE SIMULATION | 3 Design and implementation of a fire regime simulation model for Ontario. fire simulation, disturbance regime, modeling, boreal forest |
| FIRE SUPPRESSION | Effects of altered disturbance in plant communities: Fire suppression in a mixed-conifer forest, montane grassland and oak savanna. disturbance ecology, fire suppression, natural areas |
| FIRE SUPPRESSION | Past and present spatial structure of Sierra mixed-conifer forest. mixed conifer, fire suppression, stand structure, spatial analysis |
| FIRE-EXCLUSION | Management of fire-excluded ponderosa pine stands increases soil water availability. fire-exclusion, Pinus ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii, sap-flow |
| FISH | Adaptive foraging under predation hazard: testing optimization theory with stream fish. optimization, fish, predator, experiment |
| FISH | Ecological effects of the hurricanes of 1999: Spatial and temporal responses of the Pamlico Sound fish community. fish, hurricane, Pamlico Sound, estuary |
| FISH | Do invasive and noninvasive Gambusia respond differently to novel biotic interactions? invasions, fish, gambusia, behavior |
| FISH | 57 Fish distributions and dissolved oxygen anomalies in Trout Lake, New York. anoxia, hypolimnion, fish, niche |
| FISH | Density-dependence in reef fish: a meta-analysis. density-dependence, fish, meta-analysis, mortality |
| FISH | 70 Distribution and behavior of coho salmon during summer rearing period in a Lake Superior tributary. stream, fish, ecology, coho salmon |
| FISH | Stream organism response to food web subsidies created by cyprinid spawning activity in a North temperate stream. subsidy, midwest stream, fish, food web |
| FISH | Effects of fish on the invertebrate community structure of wetlands in the Whooping Crane nesting area. wetlands, community structure, fish, aquatic invertebrates |
| FISH | 38 Countergradient variation in largemouth bass: latitudinal differences in foraging behavior. Countergradient variation, fish, foraging, evolution |
| FISH CONTAMINANTS | Contaminants in fish of Illinois inland lakes, 1974-1998. fish contaminants, long-term trend analysis, organochorines and mercury, sampling and risk assessment |
| FISHERIES | Depensatory mechanisms and population collapse in harvested fisheries. depensation, dynamics, fisheries |
| FISHERIES RESTORATION | What's the big deal about small dams: Societal perspectives on dam removal. dam removal, river restoration, fisheries restoration, ecosystem restoration |
| FISHES AND MACROINVERTEBRATES | 144 An experimental manipulation to assess ecological impacts of riparian disturbances on small stream ecosystems. riparian distrubance, instream habitat, aquatic communities, fishes and macroinvertebrates |
| FISHES IN THE GREAT LAKES | Life-history meaning of the von Bertalanffy growth model and its ecological implications. life history, age at first reproduction, fishes in the Great Lakes, the von Bertalanffy growth model |
| FISHLESS | Habitat overlap of intraguild predators: temporal patterns and the role of spatial complexity. heterogeneity, predation, macroinvertebrates, fishless |
| FITNESS | Of mice, mothers and mirror-images: fluctuating asymmetry in relation to fitness in deer mice. fluctuating asymmetry, fitness, population ecology, Peromyscus maniculatus |
| FITNESS | 62 Multiple partners: Possible impacts on mycorrhizal community dynamics and diversity. mycorrhizae, frequency dependence, diversity, fitness |
| FITNESS | Nutrient addition increases plant fitness in the desert halophyte, Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Sarcobatus vermiculatus, nitrogen, fitness, seed production |
| FITNESS | The effect of competition on the fitness of hybrid and BC1 progeny of wild and cultivated radish, (Raphanus raphanistrum x R. sativus). Raphanus, hybridization, competition, fitness |
| FITNESS | It's not the size of your grass, it's where you plant it: Local adaptation in Chesapeake Bay eelgrass. local adaptation, seagrass, fitness, reciprocal transplant |
| FIXATION | 43 Nitrogen fixation along rainfall and disturbance gradients in Southern Africa and its relation with phosphorus concentration and water availability. nitrogen , fixation, isotopes, legumes |
| FLAVONIODS | Microclimatic effects on insect herbivory in Nothofagus antarctica trees: effects of solar UV-B and relationship with plant secondary metabolites. ultraviolet radiation, plant-insect interaction, herbivory, flavoniods |
| FLIGHT | Shifts in competitive ability and flight performance of hummingbirds along an elevational gradient. hummingbird, flight, elevation, competition |
| FLOOD DISTURBANCE | Floodplain forest response to large-scale flood disturbance. flood disturbance, floodplain forest, Upper Mississippi River, flooding |
| FLOOD PULSE | Middle Rio Grande riparian evapotranspiration, water balance, and restoration in space and time. Tamarix ramosissima, Populus deltoides ssp wislizenii, evapotranspiration, flood pulse |
| FLOOD REGIME | 145 Flood regime effects on regeneration - a disturbance, subsidy or stress? regeneration, flood regime, disturbance, subsidy-stress |
| FLOODED FOREST | 42 Effects of livestock on structure and composition of floodplain forests in the Lower Amazon, Brazil. livestock, flooded forest, disturbance, forest structure |
| FLOODING | Floodplain forest response to large-scale flood disturbance. flood disturbance, floodplain forest, Upper Mississippi River, flooding |
| FLOODING | Tamarix response to flooding frequency and depth. exotics, flooding, management, salt cedar |
| FLOODING | Riparian vegetation along a rural-urban gradient. urban, riparian, exotic, flooding |
| FLOODING | Disturbance underlies spatial variation in the strength of top-down and bottom-up control of insect herbivores. disturbance, predation, herbivory, flooding |
| FLOODING | 143 Combined interaction of summer flooding and shade in the establishment of understory Acer saccharinum seedlings. Mississippi River, flooding, Acer saccharinum, seedling survivorship |
| FLOODING | Influence of climatic variation on recruitment dynamics of riparian trees along the Wisconsin River. riparian vegetation, climatic change, flooding, modeling |
| FLOODING | Acer rubrum growth form changes in a subsiding coastal forest. wetland, subsidence, sprouting, flooding |
| FLOODING EFFECTS ON WETLANDS | 50 Seasonal variation in plant community regeneration response to flooding in two hydrologically-connected inland wetlands. soil seed bank response to flooding, flooding effects on wetlands, seasonal variation in soil seed bank diversity, beaver/human disturbance effects in urban wetlands |
| FLOODING TOLERANCE | The role of flooding tolerance in determining tree species composition in tropical floodplains. flooding tolerance, floodplains, tropics, species diversity |
| FLOODPLAIN | 23 Multivariate analysis of floodplain oak savanna community composition. gradient, fire, floodplain, savanna |
| FLOODPLAIN | Soil variability along the middle Rio Grande floodplain related to vegetation type and flood frequency. soils, riparian forest, Tamarix, floodplain |
| FLOODPLAIN | Land-use change and bird communities in large-river floodplain forests. birds, land use, floodplain, scale |
| FLOODPLAIN | 155 Bird populations relating to overstory vegetation and canopy cover along the Yellow River floodplain in central Wisconsin. Neotropical , floodplain, Yellow River, Wisconsin |
| FLOODPLAIN FOREST | Floodplain forest response to large-scale flood disturbance. flood disturbance, floodplain forest, Upper Mississippi River, flooding |
| FLOODPLAIN HYDROLOGY | Water relations and biomass adjustments of cottonwood in response to river regulation. cottonwood water relations, river regulation, floodplain hydrology, leaf area, root biomass, xylem pressure potential, stomatal conductance |
| FLOODPLAINS | The role of flooding tolerance in determining tree species composition in tropical floodplains. flooding tolerance, floodplains, tropics, species diversity |
| FLOODPLAINS | 71 Regeneration in Amazonian floodplain forest. regeneration, floodplains, Amazonia, palms |
| FLORAL PHENOLOGY | 76 Effect of pollen load and source on pistillate-phase duration, seed production, and floral developmental rate in Mimulus guttatus. floral phenology, stigma receptivity, Mimulus guttatus |
| FLORAL TRAITS | Spatial, but not temporal, variation in phenotypic selection on floral traits of Lobelia siphilitica. natural selection, floral traits, Lobelia siphilitica |
| FLORIDA SCRUB OAK | The effect of pressure, temperature, and wind on ecosystem gas exchange measurements determined using large open top chambers for exposing plants to elevated atmospheric CO2 in Florida scrub oak. elevated CO2 , net ecosystem CO2 exchange, open top chambers, florida scrub oak |
| FLORISTIC QUALITIC INDEX | Developing a predictive framework for the restoration of Midwestern prairie-savanna plant communities. floristic qualitic index, burn timing, exotic species control, native species recruitment |
| FLORIVORY | 4 Regulation of fruit production by Yucca whipplei compensates for florivory by sap beetles, Anthoneus agavensis. Yucca whipplei, florivory, key-factor analysis, flowering biology |
| FLOUNDER | Responses of juvenile southern flounder to environmental variability in estuarine ecosystems. flounder, habitat, hypoxia, estuary |
| FLOW REGIME | 142 Dendroecological study of black cottonwood dynamics along regulated and unregulated rivers in British Columbia. Populus trichocarpa, flow regime, dendroecology, British Columbia |
| FLOW REGIME | River flow regime as a restoration target:assessing flow alteration in rivers of the Great Lakes Basin. river, flow regime, restoration, hydrology |
| FLOWERING BIOLOGY | 4 Regulation of fruit production by Yucca whipplei compensates for florivory by sap beetles, Anthoneus agavensis. Yucca whipplei, florivory, key-factor analysis, flowering biology |
| FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY | Of mice, mothers and mirror-images: fluctuating asymmetry in relation to fitness in deer mice. fluctuating asymmetry, fitness, population ecology, Peromyscus maniculatus |
| FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY | Fluctuating asymmetry in stonerollers from streams of varying lead contamination history. lead contamination, fluctuating asymmetry, stream fishes, bioindicators |
| FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY | 97 Effects of accumulation of hazardous metals on terrestrial isopods (Armadillidium vulgare) in urban environments. metal toxicology, terrestrial isopods, fluctuating asymmetry, behavioral toxicology |
| FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY | Environmental suitability across the geographic distribution of marine intertidal invertebrates. habitat suitability, fluctuating asymmetry, position within the range, individual performance |
| FLUORESCENCE | 28 Photosynthetic performance of remaining leaf tissue after folivory. herbivory, photosynthesis, fluorescence, GFP |
| FLUXES | Ecosystem dynamics based on a global network of eddy-correlation flux towers. carbon dioxide, global network, fluxes, eddy correlation |
| FLY | 8 Native bee and fly visitation to two woodland herbs along a forest fragmentation gradient. bee, fly, forest fragmentation, midwest |
| FOCUS GROUP RESEARCH | Using focus groups to design an educational website for agricultural professionals. sustainable agriculture, educational website, focus group research, professional development program |
| FOLIAGE BIOMASS | Enhancing accuracy of foliage biomass estimation with remotely sensed data in a rugged montane area. topography, foliage biomass, leaf area index, remote sensing |
| FOLIAR | Foliar 15N natural abundance response to clear-cutting disturbance. 15N natural abundance, foliar 15N, clear-cutting , plant response to disturbance |
| FOLIAR FREE AMINO ACIDS | Nitrogen surplus in Douglas-fir forests: Consequences for susceptibility to an endemic foliar fungus. excess nitrogen, endophyte, Douglas-fir, foliar free amino acids |
| FOLIVORES | 11 Insect population and tree resistance responses to restoration thinning treatments in Ponderosa pine forests. bark beetle, folivores, tree physiology, Ponderosa pine |
| FOOD | Among-year variation in moose calf mass related to climate, plant phenology and nitrogen. ungulate, moose, cohort, food |
| FOOD CHAIN | Dynamic and static trophic cascades. trophic cascade, dynamic, food chain, top-down |
| FOOD CHAIN LENGTH | The ecology of communities at the mesoscale: from metapopulation theory to community structure. metacommunity, food chain length, transient dynamics |
| FOOD CHAIN THEORY | When is a piscivore not a piscivore? Integrating the realized trophic position - functional trophic position duality into the food web discourse. trophic position duality, food web structure, food chain theory, food web dynamics |
| FOOD QUALITY | Ultraviolet radiation and benthic algae and invertebrate communities in montane lakes of Jasper, Canada. ultraviolet radiation, epilithon, invertebrates, food quality |
| FOOD QUALITY | Vertical structure of seston food quality and quantity in an oligo-mesotrophic subalpine lake. seston, food quality, zooplankton, diel migration |
| FOOD WEB | Dynamics of the Lake Michigan food web, 1970-2000. Lake Michigan, food web, anthropogenic stressors, dynamics |
| FOOD WEB | Connecting aquatic food webs to organic C from the watershed: Do maple leaves feed fish? lake, carbon, stable isotope, food web |
| FOOD WEB | Interseasonal carryover of a fertilization pulse on populations of an insect herbivore and its predators. herbivory, food web, bottom-up, salt-marsh |
| FOOD WEB | Does Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) shift the balance between fish and invertebrate predators? dissolved organic carbon, invertebrate predators, food web, refuge |
| FOOD WEB | Stream organism response to food web subsidies created by cyprinid spawning activity in a North temperate stream. subsidy, midwest stream, fish, food web |
| FOOD WEB DYNAMICS | When is a piscivore not a piscivore? Integrating the realized trophic position - functional trophic position duality into the food web discourse. trophic position duality, food web structure, food chain theory, food web dynamics |
| FOOD WEB DYNAMICS | Effect of terrestrial subsidies on pond planktonic communities. external subsidies, humic substances, food web dynamics, ecosystem functioning |
| FOOD WEB STRUCTURE | When is a piscivore not a piscivore? Integrating the realized trophic position - functional trophic position duality into the food web discourse. trophic position duality, food web structure, food chain theory, food web dynamics |
| FOOD WEBS | Reticulate versus straight-line models of pelagic food webs. food webs, trophic triangle, invertebrate predation, trophic cascade |
| FOOD WEBS | 53 A novel method for quatifying changes in food webs over time. food webs, disturbance, stable isotopes |
| FOOD WEBS | Food resource partitioning in the littoral food web of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa. stable isotopes, food webs, speciation, Lake Tanganyika |
| FOOD-MIXING | The interplay between nutrient-balancing and toxin-dilution in foraging by a generalist insect herbivore. food-mixing, nutrient-balancing, toxin-dilution, foraging |
| FOOD-WEB | Top-down and bottom-up effects on the abundance of pitcher plant protozoa. food-web, population dynamics, phytotelmata |
| FOODWEB | Marine nutrients in freshwater ecosystems: role of salmon migrations in supporting stream food webs. stream, salmon, subsidy, foodweb |
| FOODWEBS | Keystone conduits for metal trophic transfer in lakes. foodwebs, metals, keystone, zooplankton |
| FORAGING | When is habitat assessment an advantage when foraging? foraging, coexistence, competition |
| FORAGING | The interplay between nutrient-balancing and toxin-dilution in foraging by a generalist insect herbivore. food-mixing, nutrient-balancing, toxin-dilution, foraging |
| FORAGING | Food-dependent foraging activity by prey fish mediates population-level mortality in whole-system experiments. behaviour, population, predator-prey, foraging |
| FORAGING | Gain functions for blue duikers in small patches: Does plant geometry matter? foraging, model selection, herbivore, gain function |
| FORAGING | 26 Gain functions in small patches for a large herbivore: Evaluating evidence for competing models. spatial heterogeneity, foraging, herbivore, gain function |
| FORAGING | 38 Countergradient variation in largemouth bass: latitudinal differences in foraging behavior. Countergradient variation, fish, foraging, evolution |
| FORAGING BEHAVIOR | Behavioral assessment of potential disruption of biological control by intraguild predation. generalist predators, foraging behavior, biological control, insects |
| FORAGING COSTS | Is it safe? Relative foraging effort in estuarine habitats for a coastal freshwater sculpin. foraging costs, predation risk, quitting harvest rates, estuarine fishes |
| FORAGING RANGE | Magellanic penguin conservation requires large-scale measures. Magellanic penguin, marine zoning, foraging range, satellite tracking |
| FORAGING THEORY | Foraging games between gerbils and their predators: apprehension in gerbils. Foraging games, predator-prey interactions, gerbils, foraging theory |
| FORBS | Experimental groundlayer restorations support description of Wisconsin oak savanna as "forb-lands," not "grass-lands.". oak savanna, gradients, forbs, experimental restoration |
| FOREST | Assessing global change impacts on forest carbon sequestration . forest , carbon |
| FOREST | Using fractal geometry to estimate forest canopy structure. fractals, forest, canopy |
| FOREST | 64 Comparative study of canopy quantum yields among four AmeriFlux sites with different species and environmental conditions. canopy quantum yield, carbon flux, forest |
| FOREST | 118 Spatial pattern analysis of temperate piedmont forests. forest, pattern, competition, spatial statistics |
| FOREST | Spatial simulation of Lake States forest landscape change: climate warming, disturbance change, and management . spatial, modeling, temperate, forest |
| FOREST | 118 Integrating forest inventories and ecosystem models. forest, carbon, inventory |
| FOREST | 53 Trade-offs among vulnerability to xylem cavitation, water transport and other physiological traits in eleven co-occurring woody species. cavitation, hydraulic conductivity, Quercus, forest |
| FOREST | Determinants of regional variability in litter production of forests in the Southern Yucatan: environmental gradients or human legacy? tropical, forest, litterfall, disturbance |
| FOREST | 34 Diversity among floras of shelterwood stands in the Green Mountain National Forest, Vermont. inventory, disturbance, silviculture, forest |
| FOREST | Impacts of forest floor disturbance on vegetation and nutrient dynamics in clearcut and partial-cut stands. forest, nutrient, disturbance, understory vegetation |
| FOREST | Understory abundance following logging in northern hardwood forests: the role of seed predation and myrmecochory. myrmecochory, seeds, predation, forest |
| FOREST | The gap size distribution: a descriptive instrument for vegetation disturbance ecology. gap, distribution, forest, disturbance |
| FOREST | The response of a forested community (Forest Park in Portland, OR) to urbanization. forest, urbanization, succession, tree |
| FOREST | Fifty years of change in forest understory composition. II. Is biotic homogenization underway? biodiversity, forest, understory |
| FOREST | 125 Analysis of soil microbial activity at three spatial scales in an Ohio deciduous forest landscape. soil enzymes, microbial activity, landscape, forest |
| FOREST | Tree cavities of Midwestern old-growth forests. old-growth, forest, cavities, midwest |
| FOREST | Toxicity factors in acidic forest soils. Implications for tolerance mechanisms. aluminum, calcium, forest, soil |
| FOREST | 76 Management regime, scale, and the diversity of leaflitter arthropod communities in the Missouri Ozarks. community, invertebrates, forest, disturbance |
| FOREST | 105 Web-FACE: A 35 m tall natural deciduous forest under CO2-enrichment. elevated carbon dioxide, forest, global change, free-air CO2 enrichment |
| FOREST | Manipulative experiments to understand forest productivity under elevated atmospheric CO2. forest, productivity, carbon dioxide, global change |
| FOREST | Holocene dynamics of forest and barrens on a sand plain in Upper Peninsula, Michigan. disturbance, forest, barrens, pollen |
| FOREST BIOMASS | 83 Scaling up estimates of tree biomass from plot measurements of forest inventories to regional domains using a process-based forest ecosystem model . forest biomass, forest inventories, process-based ecosystem model, scaling up plot measurements |
| FOREST BIRDS | 111 Landscape analysis of forest bird populations in northern Wisconsin. habitat model, landscape ecology, forest birds, forest management |
| FOREST CANOPY | 144 Relationships between herbaceous understory and canopy type in a northeastern Wisconsin forest. herbaceous ground cover, forest canopy |
| FOREST CARBON CYCLING | A spatially-explicit database for modeling and analysis of US forest ecosystems. biogeochemical modeling, carbon sequestration, forest carbon cycling, forest management |
| FOREST COVER CHANGE | Modeling spatially explicit transition of boreal forest cover in the absence of disturbances. boreal forest, landscape model, forest cover change, post-fire transition |
| FOREST DECLINE | Temporal and spatial interactions among root and stem insects, fungi, and predators in declining forests. forest decline, bark beetles and predators, belowground herbivory, root pathogens |
| FOREST DEGRADATION | Using MODIS data to assess regional forest degradation from human activity. remote sensing, forest degradation, MODIS |
| FOREST DISEASE | Recently discovered Phytophthora species may underlie epidemic oak mortality in California. plant pathogen, forest disease, forest pathology, disease management |
| FOREST DYNAMICS | Regional spread and stand-scale establishment of trees investigated by pollen analysis and modeling . forest dynamics, species range limits, disturbance, bioclimatic models |
| FOREST DYNAMICS | 32 Rates of windthrow-caused soil disturbance inferred from soil charcoal radiocarbon dates. forest windthrow, soil disturbance, forest dynamics, canopy gaps |
| FOREST DYNAMICS | 85 Tests of soil calcium effects on forest dynamics in northeastern USA. nutrient limitation, recruitment, forest dynamics, base-cation deficiency |
| FOREST ECOLOGY | An inquiry based approach to learning about ecosystem processes. inquiry-based research, high school education, forest ecology |
| FOREST ECOLOGY | Are growth, mortality and recruitment predictable in forest community dynamics? community dynamics, forest ecology, predictability, scale |
| FOREST ECOLOGY EDUCATION | 24 A Student/Scientist Partnership to study forest ecology in the Adirondacks. student scientist partnership, forest ecology education, Adirondack Park, forest management |
| FOREST ECOSYSTEMS | Responses of Rocky Mountain coniferous forests to nitrogen deposition. nitrogen deposition, nitrogen cycling, forest ecosystems |
| FOREST ECOSYSTEMS | Remote sensing of forest structure and biophysical properties indicating forest response to chronic nitrogen deposition . nitrogen deposition, remote sensing, forest ecosystems, Germany |
| FOREST EXPANSION | 61 Gallery forest expansion in tallgrass prairie: mechanisms facilitating oak success. gallery forest, forest expansion, Quercus, facilitation |
| FOREST EXPANSION | Spatial patterns of conifer forest expansion in Geater Yellowstone. forest expansion, global change, Greater Yellowstone, landscape pattern |
| FOREST FLOOR | Soil carbon dynamics following forest harvest: an ecosystem paradigm reviewed. forest floor, succession, carbon budgets, modeling |
| FOREST FLOOR | 48 Carbon dynamics of belowground systems in Pacific Northwest coniferous forests. CO2, soil carbon, soil respiration, forest floor |
| FOREST FRAGMENTATION | Seed dispersal, species richness, and recruitment of forest plants across a fragmented Michigan landscape. forest fragmentation, seed dispersal, Lindera benzoin, recruitment |
| FOREST FRAGMENTATION | 129 Recent forest cover type transitions and landscape structural changes in northeast Minnesota. Landsat, change detection, forest fragmentation, landscape indices |
| FOREST FRAGMENTATION | Landscape composition modulates the effects of forest fragmentation: consequences for breeding Ovenbirds. landscape composition, forest fragmentation, neotropical migrant songbirds, ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) |
| FOREST FRAGMENTATION | 8 Native bee and fly visitation to two woodland herbs along a forest fragmentation gradient. bee, fly, forest fragmentation, midwest |
| FOREST HARVESTING | Effects of forest plantation management on herbaceous layer composition and diversity. plantations, forest harvesting, herbaceous layer, species composition |
| FOREST HARVESTING | Forest landscape response to different harvest scenarios under climate warming in two ecoregions in northern Wisconsin, U.S.A. climate warming, spatial model, LANDIS, forest harvesting |
| FOREST HEALTH | Impacts of an invasive, bud-feeding thrips on forest health in the Great Lakes region. Thrips calcaratus, invasive species, herbivore, forest health |
| FOREST HERBS | Landscape history and the genetic structure of forest plant populations. colonization genetics, dispersal, forest herbs, forest history |
| FOREST HERBS | Response of understory herb species richness and cover to Acer saccharum regeneration thickets. forest herbs, plant diversity, forest management, competition |
| FOREST HISTORY | Landscape history and the genetic structure of forest plant populations. colonization genetics, dispersal, forest herbs, forest history |
| FOREST HISTORY | Three centuries of vegetational change in the Shawangunk Mountains: What are we preserving today? Shawangunk Mountains, forest history |
| FOREST INSECT DIVERSITY | Partitioning species diversity across scales: Statistical tests on components of insect diversity in deciduous forests. forest insect diversity, additive partitioning of diversity, null community models, spatial scales |
| FOREST INVENTORIES | 83 Scaling up estimates of tree biomass from plot measurements of forest inventories to regional domains using a process-based forest ecosystem model . forest biomass, forest inventories, process-based ecosystem model, scaling up plot measurements |
| FOREST INVERTEBRATES | 126 Spatial variation of forest-floor litter invertebrates in topographically diverse landscapes. forest invertebrates, community structure, spatial variation |
| FOREST LITTER | 26 Dynamic simulation of litter decomposition. decomposition, forest litter, simulation model, elevated CO2 |
| FOREST MANAGEMENT | 40 Spatial heterogeneity under three different management regimes. spatial heterogeneity, forest management |
| FOREST MANAGEMENT | Response of understory herb species richness and cover to Acer saccharum regeneration thickets. forest herbs, plant diversity, forest management, competition |
| FOREST MANAGEMENT | Species diversity, composition, and spatial patterning of understory plants in old-growth and managed northern hardwood forests. understory vegetation, spatial patterning, forest management, plant diversity |
| FOREST MANAGEMENT | 24 A Student/Scientist Partnership to study forest ecology in the Adirondacks. student scientist partnership, forest ecology education, Adirondack Park, forest management |
| FOREST MANAGEMENT | A spatially-explicit database for modeling and analysis of US forest ecosystems. biogeochemical modeling, carbon sequestration, forest carbon cycling, forest management |
| FOREST MANAGEMENT | Effects of silvicultural thinning on tree regeneration in strip cuts in the Peruvian Amazon. forest management, tropical rain forest, sustainability |
| FOREST MANAGEMENT | 111 Landscape analysis of forest bird populations in northern Wisconsin. habitat model, landscape ecology, forest birds, forest management |
| FOREST PATHOLOGY | Recently discovered Phytophthora species may underlie epidemic oak mortality in California. plant pathogen, forest disease, forest pathology, disease management |
| FOREST PRODUCTIVITY | 135 Effects of stand composition on changes in productivity associated with hemlock decline. Adelges tsugae, forest productivity, invasive species, Tsuga canadensis |
| FOREST PRODUCTIVITY | Forest fragmentation effects on simulated biomass accumulation using remotely-sensed data with varying spatial resolution. spatial scaling, forest productivity, remote sensing, carbon storage |
| FOREST SOIL | Forest soil changes across forest-clearcut edges in a high-elevation coniferous forest. edge effect, forest soil, clearcut, Sicamous Creek |
| FOREST SOIL ENVIRONMENT | 71 Effects of organic matter removal, compaction, and competition control on collembola populations in a pine plantation. collembola, population dynamics, forest soil environment |
| FOREST SOILS | 30 Does clearcutting alter the abundance of soluble organic nitrogen in forest soils? organic nitrogen, amino acids, clearcutting, forest soils |
| FOREST SONGBIRDS | Changes in bird community composition following selective logging in northern hardwood forests. forest songbirds, Michigan |
| FOREST STAND DYNAMICS | Spatial heterogeneity and long-term forest stand development: Do fire-created landscape legacies persist? landscape legacies, lodgepole pine, forest stand dynamics, landscape heterogeneity |
| FOREST STAND DYNAMICS | 115 Do forest canopy gaps enhance the stem diameter growth of adjacent overstory trees? forest stand dynamics, Pennsylvania, red oak - mixed hardwood forest, tree ring width |
| FOREST STAND STRUCTURE | The influence of stand structure on light interception and ecophysiological leaf characteristics of Pinus ponderosa. forest stand structure, gas exchange, Pinus ponderosa, specific leaf area |
| FOREST STRUCTURE | The structure of fire and clearcut edges in black spruce boreal forest. edge influence, forest structure, fire boundaries, clearcut edges |
| FOREST STRUCTURE | 42 Effects of livestock on structure and composition of floodplain forests in the Lower Amazon, Brazil. livestock, flooded forest, disturbance, forest structure |
| FOREST STRUCTURE | Hurricane disturbance as an explanation for the unique structure of West Indian dry forest. dry forest, hurricane, forest structure, sprouting |
| FOREST SUCCESSION | 79 Are Chiloe's forests immune to plant invasions: A test of three models. forest succession, nitrate reductase activity, Cytisus scoparius, Chusquea quila |
| FOREST TURNOVER | Twenty years of change and development in a tropical dry forest, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. tropical forest, tree growth, community dynamics, forest turnover |
| FOREST UNDERSTORY | Effects of partial canopy removal on the richness and cover of understory flora in northern hardwood forests. plant composition, forest understory, biodiversity, management |
| FOREST UNDERSTORY | Fifty years of change in forest understory composition. III. Ecological attributes of winners and losers. biodiversity, forest understory, ecological attribute, dispersal |
| FOREST WINDTHROW | 32 Rates of windthrow-caused soil disturbance inferred from soil charcoal radiocarbon dates. forest windthrow, soil disturbance, forest dynamics, canopy gaps |
| FOREST-FLOOR | 37 A field experiment to test the hypothesis that predation by gnaphosid spiders is a major mortality factor for juvenile wolf spiders. intraguild predation, forest-floor, spiders |
| FOREST-OBLIGATE | A description of avian communities of upland forests of northern Mississippi: implications for oak-pine woodland restoration. management, forest-obligate, restoration |
| FORESTED RIVERINE SYSTEMS | Ecological assessment of riverine headwater environments. biological diversity, USA mid-South, forested riverine systems |
| FORESTRY | Human impacts change parasite dynamics through host reservoirs and the role of abiotic factors. disease, forestry, amphibian, oregon |
| FORESTS | Global patterns of forest structure and productivity: Reversing the latitudinal gradient. productivity, biomass, forests, tropical |
| FORESTS | 12 Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3 on tree-insect-parasitoid interactions. carbon dioxide, ozone, tritrophic interactions, forests |
| FORESTS | Integrated Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. monitoring, scaling, forests, hydrology |
| FORESTS | Forest carbon storage relation to canopy nitrogen uptake: Niwot Colorado AmeriFlux site case study. nitrogen deposition, carbon storage, forests, canopy |
| FORESTS | Changes in tree species composition over seven decades (1930 - 2000) in an aggrading deciduous forest. succession, forests, diversity, change |
| FORESTS | 17 Neighborhood effects on litter production. neighborhood, litter, tropical, forests |
| FORESTS | Woody plant diversity in western Oregon riparian forests: Multiple scales of control. riparian ecology, plant diversity, forests, disturbance |
| FORESTS | Modeling facilitation succession as an analog of altruistic interactions: generation of hypotheses for empirical study. facilitation, succession, forests, models |
| FRACTAL GEOMETRY | On the geometry of scale. spatial scale, species richness, fractal geometry, spatial extent |
| FRACTALS | The spatial scaling of rare plant distributions. spatial scale, species distributions, fractals , rarity |
| FRACTALS | Using fractal geometry to estimate forest canopy structure. fractals, forest, canopy |
| FRACTALS | 122 Spatial heterogeneity of seagrass beds in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. seagrass, semivariance, fractals, krigging |
| FRACTIONATION | 31 Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen. stable isotope ratios, trophic shift, fractionation, diet |
| FRAGMENTATION | 42 Relaxation of tropical avian communities on recently created land-bridge islands. faunal relaxation, fragmentation, land-bridge islands |
| FRAGMENTATION | Using landscape metrics to interpret land cover change in Western Honduras and to monitor infringement into Celaque National Park. fragmentation, landscape analysis, change trajectories, coffee |
| FRAGMENTATION | 77 Relationships between floral resources and pollinator communities in Iowa prairie fragments. pollination, prairie, fragmentation |
| FRAGMENTATION | The extinction debt revisited: population dynamics in a continuous space model. extinction, fragmentation, dispersal, competition |
| FRAGMENTATION | Detection of spatial scales predicting small mammal habitat use in tropical montane cloud forests. spatial scale, tropical montane cloud forest, fragmentation, habitat preferences |
| FRAGMENTATION | Use of simple models to predict conservation benefits of habitat corridors. corridors, fragmentation, conservation, models |
| FRAGMENTATION | Biogeographic factors influencing native plant species distribution in riparian areas in an urbanizing Oregon basin. edge, fragmentation, isolation, vegetation |
| FRAGMENTATION | 42 Habitat corridors and the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions. habitat corridors, fragmentation, pollination |
| FREE AIR CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT | 91 Light and nitrogen use efficiencies for temperate hardwood stands exposed to elevated CO2 and O3. elevated CO2 , elevated O3 , resource use efficiency, free air carbon dioxide enrichment |
| FREE AMINO ACIDS | Free amino acids as a source of plant nitrogen nutrition in sub-arctic salt-marsh coastal sites. free amino acids, root uptake, arctic, nitrogen |
| FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT | 105 Web-FACE: A 35 m tall natural deciduous forest under CO2-enrichment. elevated carbon dioxide, forest, global change, free-air CO2 enrichment |
| FREE-AIR CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT | 52 Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on canopy insect biodiversity . insect biodiversity, carbon dioxide, ozone, free-air carbon dioxide enrichment |
| FREEZING | 55 The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on conifers with large-diameter tracheids. freezing, embolism, conifer, root |
| FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE | 62 Multiple partners: Possible impacts on mycorrhizal community dynamics and diversity. mycorrhizae, frequency dependence, diversity, fitness |
| FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT PREDATION | Frequency dependence, songbird nest predation, and species coexistence. coexistence, frequency-dependent predation, indirect effects, nest predation |
| FRESHWATER ALGAE | Disturbance-habitat complexity interactions and effects on colonisation of hard substrata by a stream alga. disturbance, habitat complexity, freshwater algae |
| FRESHWATER SNAILS | 35 Inter- and intra-specific trait compensation of defence mechanisms in freshwater snails . trait compensation, freshwater snails, defence adaptations, chemical communication |
| FRESHWATER ZOOPLANKTON | Can direct and indirect effects be distinguished using simultaneous PRESS and PULSE perturbations? perturbation experiments, community ecology, freshwater zooplankton |
| FROGS | Community-level conservation: Stream-breeding frogs in the forests of subtropical eastern Australia. frogs, amphibians, community ecology, streams |
| FROST | 87 Species richness and resistance to climate perturbation In a Mediterranean experimental grassland . stability, biodiversity, grassland, frost |
| FRUGIVORE | 150 Seasonal patterns of diversity and abundance of frugivorous birds in Georgia. frugivore, georgia, bird, migration |
| FRUGIVORY | Seed dispersal and seed predation of Cornus florida. density-dependence, distance-dependence, frugivory, fruiting phenology |
| FRUGIVORY | Are they really myrtle warblers? Relationship of wax myrtle fruit numbers on yellow-rumped warbler abundance. frugivory, passerine, habitat selection |
| FRUITING PHENOLOGY | Seed dispersal and seed predation of Cornus florida. density-dependence, distance-dependence, frugivory, fruiting phenology |
| FUEL LOAD | Regional fuel load modeled for two contrasting years in central and southern Africa. fuel load, primary production |
| FUELS | 147 Downed woody material, projected leaf area index, and satellite index relationships in Chihuahuan Desert vegetation. fuels, satellite, cover, PLAI |
| FUNCTION | Invasive plants harbor hungry detritivores that alter ecosystem function. diversity, decomposition, function, invasion |
| FUNCTIONA REDUNDANCY | The Effect of increasing functional redundancy on cellulose degradation. biodiversity, functiona redundancy, ecosystem processes, bacteria |
| FUNCTIONAL | The robustness of physiologically based functional groups in Florida scrub. functional, group, physiology, Florida |
| FUNCTIONAL | Functional versus species richness in ecosystem response to global change: can they be disentangled? biodiversity, functional, ecosystem, grassland |
| FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT | Primary production of baldcypress swamps along a latitudinal gradient. biotic boundary, production limitation, curvilinear response surface, functional assessment |
| FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITION | 90 Predicting plant community response to climate change. climate change, grassland ecology, biodiversity, functional composition |
| FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE | Ecological roles of aquatic predators characterized by functional diversity not functional redundancy. functional equivalence, biodiversity, community structure |
| FUNCTIONAL GROUP | Testing Fox's assembly rule: Does plant invasion depend on recipient community structure? functional group, plant, invasion, resistance |
| FUNCTIONAL GROUPS | Functional groupings of ecosystem engineers. ecosystem engineering, functional groups, habitat modification, linking species and ecosystems |
| FUNCTIONAL GROUPS | Biodiversity, idiosyncrasy, and the function of marine ecosystems. biodiversity, functional groups, marine ecology, ecosystem processes |
| FUNCTIONAL GROUPS | Functional group versus species-specific approaches to positive interactions in plant communities. facilitation, species-specific, interactions, functional groups |
| FUNCTIONAL HETEROGENEITY | Combining multiple sources of heterogeneity: a model of environmental variation and dispersal-induced patterning . pattern formation, scale, dispersal, functional heterogeneity |
| FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE | Population dynamics and mutualism: Functional responses of benefits and costs. mutualism, functional response, population dynamics, benefits and costs |
| FUNCTIONAL TRAITS | The role of plant functional traits in sustaining community and ecosystem properties. functional traits , ecosystem properties, diversity |
| FUNGAL BIOMASS | 121 Spatial variation of microarthropods and soil fungi in a hardwood forest. microarthropods, fungal biomass, spatial scale, kriging |
| FUNGAL DIVERSITY | Species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tropical forest fragments and adjacent pastures. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, tropical forest, pasture, fungal diversity |
| FUNGAL ECOLOGY | Ectomycorrhizal colonization dynamics on mixed-conifer seedlings following disturbance. mycorrhizae, mutualisms, Douglas-fir, fungal ecology |
| FUNGI | Identification of fungi decomposing woody conifer roots in Oregon using molecular methods. decomposition, ITS-RFLP, fungi, conifer roots |
| FUNGI | 75 Fungal associates of an eruptive tree-killing phloeophagous herbivore. bark beetles, fungi, Dendroctonus rufipennis, symbiosis |
| FUNGI | Soil nitrogen availability and litter chemistry interact to influence fungal-mediated nitrogen immobilization during litter decomposition. litter, nitrogen, fungi, decomposition |
| FUNGI | 100 A statistical method for the comparison of species accumulation curves. diversity, species accumulation curves, species abundance distributions, fungi |
| FUNGI | Monotrope mycorrhizal cheaters: extreme specificity, germination, and interactions within the ectomycorrhizal community. mycorrhizae, fungi, parasitism, specialization |
| FUR TRADE | 68 A worldwide review of nutria (Myocastor coypus) introduction and eradication efforts. Myocastor coypus, invasive species, fur trade, marsh |
| FURANONES | Variation in the chemical defenses of the red alga Delisea pulchra: causes and consequences. herbivory, chemical defense, marine algae, furanones |