
| HOME SCHEDULE AUTHOR INDEX SUBJECT INDEX |
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
| ITS-RFLP | Identification of fungi decomposing woody conifer roots in Oregon using molecular methods. decomposition, ITS-RFLP, fungi, conifer roots |
| ILLINOIS OZARK HILLS | Threshold time of conversion from oak-hickory to mesophytic forest in the Illinois Ozark Hills. oak-hickory conversion, quercus-carya conversion, community ecology, Illinois Ozark Hills |
| ILLINOIS RIVER | 97 Assessment of habitat availability for Boltonia decurrens, a threatened floodplain species, using a GIS. Boltonia decurrens, threatened, Illinois River, NWI |
| ILLINOIS RIVER FLOODPLAIN | 49 Timing is everything: a demographic model of Boltonia decurrens in an altered floodplain environment. Boltonia decurrens, Illinois River floodplain, stage-classified seasonal matrix model, LTRE analysis |
| ILLINOIS | 55 Non-native plant presence and prevalence in Illinois: The Critical Trends Assessment Program. non-native, invasive, Illinois, monitoring |
| ILLINOIS | 56 Habitat use and area sensitivity of birds in a highly fragmented Illinois landscape: The Critical Trends Assessment Program. habitats, birds, Illinois, monitoring |
| ILLINOIS | 79 Impact of European-American colonization on Horseshoe Lake, Alexander County, Illinois. Taxodium distichum, Horseshoe Lake, Illinois, Paleoecology |
| ILLINOIS GLADES | 111 Multispecies competition among core, intermediate, and satellite species: A new approach. Multispecies competition, core-satellite species hypothesis, simplex-lattice (axial) design, Illinois glades |
| ILLINOIS PRAIRIE | 21 Ordination analysis of remnant cemetery prairies in Illinois. cemetery prairie, prairie vegetation, detrended correspondence analysis, Illinois prairie |
| IMAGERY | Integrating imagery and field data to estimate and extrapolate landscape characteristics. Imagery, Classification, Stratification, Extrapolation |
| INDEX OF BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY | 58 Assessing the relationship between habitat and fish communities in determining stream water quality. water quality, stream assessment, Index of Biological Integrity |
| INDICES | Assessing spatial patterns and biophysical properties of a tidal marsh ecosystem using remotely sensed hyperspectral data. Marshland , Hyperspectral, Mixture-model, Indices |
| INDIRECT EFFECTS | Indirect effects of the chemical properties of plant leaves on tree use among tits. Indirect effects, Parus species, Spicebush, Foraging niche |
| INDONESIAN BORNEO | Inferring ecological organization from the phylogenetic structure of rain forest tree communities. community assembly, phylogeny, Indonesian Borneo |
| INFORMATION | Group Information Gathering. Information, Tension, Games, Feedback |
| INFRARED HEATER | 94 Warming and clipping effects on microclimate in tallgrass prairie: its implications for global warming and land-use change. Global Warming, Infrared heater, Clipping, Tallgrass Prairie |
| INSTITUTIONALIZING | Application of research in South African parks. Partnership, Knowledge management, Institutionalizing, Operationalizing |
| INTERMOUNTAIN WEST | 68 Physiological and metabolic evaluation of Poa secunda Presl. populations of the Intermountain West. Intermountain west, plant calorimetry, respiration rate, heat rate |
| INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION | Competition and coexistence between insect parasitoids. Interspecific Competition, Invasion Dynamics, Limiting Similarity, Transients |
| INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION | Consequences of competitive ability for species abundance in a guild of phloem-feeding insects. Intraspecific competition, Interspecific competition, Bottom-up control, Species abundance |
| INTERTIDAL | 123 Demographic variations of a barnacle, Tetraclita japonica, from two islands in Korea. Demography, Barnacle, Intertidal, Population |
| INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION | Consequences of competitive ability for species abundance in a guild of phloem-feeding insects. Intraspecific competition, Interspecific competition, Bottom-up control, Species abundance |
| INVASIBILITY | Species richness and patterns of invasion over 40 years of old field succession. Invasions, Diversity, Succession, Invasibility |
| INVASION | Germination and seedling survival of an invasive weed (Verbascum thapsus) along an elevational gradient in Hawai`i. Invasion , Demography, Germination, Seedling survival |
| INVASION DYNAMICS | Competition and coexistence between insect parasitoids. Interspecific Competition, Invasion Dynamics, Limiting Similarity, Transients |
| INVASION | Spread of woody exotics into the forests of a northeastern landscape from 1938 to 1999. Invasion, Ligustrum vulgare, Lonicera morrowii, Rosa multiflora |
| INVASION | 71 Round goby effects in Lake Erie: short-term and long-term projections. Invasion, Great Lakes, Round goby, Zebra mussel |
| INVASION | Invasion of inland lakes of the northern Midwest. Aquatic, Invasion, Management |
| INVASIONARY SPECIES | Competitive behavioral interactions between the introduced Red-eared Slider (T.s. elegans) and the native Midland Painted Turtle (C.p. marginata). Trachemys scripta elegans, Invasionary species, behavioral competition, feeding competition |
| INVASIONS | Species richness and patterns of invasion over 40 years of old field succession. Invasions, Diversity, Succession, Invasibility |
| INVASIONS | Fitness and population consequences of a seed dispersal mutualism. Seed dispersal , Invasions, Mutualism, Population dynamics |
| INVASIVE | Multiple limiting soil resources in a California grassland. Resources, Grassland, Invasive, Nutrient addition |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Nutrient competition in a diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) -invaded prairie. Centaurea diffusa, Invasive species, Nutrient cycling, Nutrient competition |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Biomass and nitrogen allocation in an invasive annual grass and two native Mojave Desert annuals. Invasive species, Mojave Desert, Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens |
| ISLAND | Landscape relationships of waterbird colonies on the Virginia Coast Reserve. Colonial Waterbird, Landscape Composition, Island, Land Cover |
| IVORY COAST | Spatial distribution patterns of tropical trees . tropical forest, spatial distribution, moran's I, Ivory Coast |
| ICE | 31 Effects of a moderately severe disturbance on the composition and density of woody seedlings in eastern Ontario forests. ice, disturbance, dispersal, seedlings |
| ICE | Invertebrates in frozen systems: the cryoconite holes of the Antarctic Dry Valleys. cryoconite holes, extreme environment, glaciers, ice |
| ICE PHENOLOGY | Variability and extreme events in long-term lake and river ice phenology across the northern hemisphere. ice phenology, climate change, extreme events |
| ICE STORM | 63 Fish response to debris dam removal in ice storm-impacted streams of the Adirondack Mountains (NY, U.S.A.). woody debris, Salvelinus fontinalis, ice storm, debris dam function |
| ICE STORM | 38 Assessing the impact of the ice storm of 1998 on an old-growth forest. disturbance, ice storm, old-growth forest, canopy |
| IMAGE ANALYSIS | The role of intraspecific competition in size and fecundity variation in Draba verna L. Draba verna, Erophila verna, intraspecific competition, image analysis, maternal effects |
| IMMIGRANTS | Predicting communities vulnerable to plant invasions. invaders, immigrants, naturalization, invasions |
| IMMIGRATION | The effect of immigration and environmental variability on competitive interactions. immigration, competition, environmental variability |
| IMMIGRATION-EXTINCTION GRADIENT | 15 Effects of seed density and seed richness on species diversity and invasibility. propagule pressure, immigration-extinction gradient, diversity, invasibility |
| IMMUNOFLUORESCENT LABELING | Initial nutrient status of ecosystems influences mycorrhizal responses to nitrogen additions along a Hawaiian chronosequence. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Hawaiian chronosequence, nitrogen, immunofluorescent labeling |
| IMPACT | Direct and indirect effects of invasive rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) on aquatic macrophyte establishment, survival and growth. invasion, impact, macrophytes, crayfish |
| IMPACT OF DEFORESTATION | 67 Impact of deforestation in tropical volcanic lakes . volcanic lakes, phytoplankton, impact of deforestation, Mexico |
| IMPACT OF INVASION | Community and ecosystem impacts of the invasive tree Acer platanoides in natural forest. Acer platanoides, impact of invasion, tree invader, community composition and diversity |
| IMPERVIOUS COVER | Analysis of impervious cover in the Lake Tahoe basin for conservation of natural resources. impervious cover, water quality, satellite imagery, urbanization |
| INBREEDING | 23 Host plant inbreeding alters interactions with herbivores and pathogens. inbreeding, herbivory, parasite, Mimulus guttatus |
| INBREEDING | Effects of population size and density on reproduction and genetic variation in Lupinus perennis. conservation, plant, pollination, inbreeding |
| INBREEDING DEPRESSION | Violating the sexual taboos of plants: The effects of inbreeding on plant-insect interactions. Ipomoea hederacea, tortoise beetles, inbreeding depression, herbivory |
| INBREEDING DEPRESSION | Inbreeding and nitrogen-use-efficiency in plants: linking evolutionary genetics to ecological processes. nitrogen-use-efficiency, inbreeding depression, habitat fragmentation, evolutionary ecology |
| INBREEDING DEPRESSION | The effects of self-pollination and resource addition in wild lupine, Lupinus perennis. selfing, resource, inbreeding depression |
| INCUBATION BEHAVIOR | Parental behavior of a Cowbird host: Caught between the costs of egg-removal and nest predation. brood parasitism, nest predation, incubation behavior, yellow warbler |
| INDICATOR SPECIES | 58 Testing Tradescantia ohiensis as an indicator of deer browsing intensity in northeastern Illinois prairies. indicator species, deer browsing, Tradescantia ohiensis, detrended correspondence analysis |
| INDICATOR SPECIES | Response of a butterfly community to habitat structure along a continuum of degraded savanna sites. oak savanna, butterfly community, fire frequency, indicator species |
| INDICATORS | The relationship between land ownership and stream condition in the Illinois Landscape. trends, indicators, volunteers, monitoring |
| INDICATORS | 136 Ecological indicators for land management. indicators, land management |
| INDICATORS | 22 Effects of land use type and disturbance on decomposition in North Carolina. decomposition, indicators, environmental monitoring, disturbance |
| INDICATORS | 46 Monitoring grassland, shrubland and savanna ecosystems: LCTA versus an integrated soil and vegetation monitoring protocol. monitoring, desert, rangeland, indicators |
| INDIGENOUS ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE | 135 An Ecological Approach to Siberian River Conservation and Sustainable Development . mountain headwaters, ecosystem management, indigenous ecological knowledge, sustainable development |
| INDIRECT COMMENSALISM | A novel herbivore refuge? exploitative competition, facilitation, indirect commensalism, refuge from parasitism |
| INDIRECT DEFENSE | Jasmonic acid mediates indirect resistance. predatory mite, volatile, indirect defense, tomato |
| INDIRECT EFFECT | Density dependent guarding of aphids by an ant on an agricultural weed. density dependent mutualism, guarding behavior, predator-prey, indirect effect |
| INDIRECT EFFECTS | Temporally variable trophic flows across habitats and the indirect effects. allochthonous resource, indirect effects, temporal variability, apparent competition |
| INDIRECT EFFECTS | Behavioral indirect effects in food webs: studies of freshwater snails, their predators, and their resources. physa, predation, higher-order interactions, indirect effects |
| INDIRECT EFFECTS | Interactions between introduced herbivores, plants, and their insect pollinators: density-mediated indirect effects on plant reproduction. indirect effects, pollination, population density, introduced herbivores |
| INDIRECT EFFECTS | Frequency dependence, songbird nest predation, and species coexistence. coexistence, frequency-dependent predation, indirect effects, nest predation |
| INDIRECT EFFECTS | Tri-trophic interactions and multiple predator effects in the canopies of ponderosa pine forests. multiple predator effects, tri-trophic interactions, interference competition, indirect effects |
| INDIRECT EFFECTS | Linked interaction modifications in ant - phorid fly interactions: a role in determining ant assemblage structure? indirect effects, competition, Formicidae, Phoridae |
| INDIRECT INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PLANTS | Facilitation vs. apparent competition and the establishment of tree seedlings under nurse shrubs in northern Patagonia. indirect interactions between plants, recruitment facilitation, short-term apparent competition, insect herbivory |
| INDIVIDUAL BASED MODEL | Effects of habitat alteration on Great Lakes steelhead parr: an individual-based modeling analysis. salmonid, individual based model, parr, habitat alteration |
| INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE | Environmental suitability across the geographic distribution of marine intertidal invertebrates. habitat suitability, fluctuating asymmetry, position within the range, individual performance |
| INDIVIDUAL VARIATION | Origins of size variation within model and empirical populations. individual variation, individually based model, coefficient of variation |
| INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL | Dynamic spatial control of pests at the landscape scale: an example with cowbirds. cowbirds, brood parasitism, individual-based model, pest managment |
| INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL | Population modeling of the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) for Everglades restoration. conservation, individual-based model, matrix model, population biology |
| INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELS | Individual-Based Population Dynamics: Linking energetic models of growth, reproduction, and mortality. population dynamics, mortality models, individual-based models, Daphnia |
| INDIVIDUAL-BASED PREDATOR-PREY MODELS | Cluster size distributions: signatures of self-organization in spatial ecologies. individual-based predator-prey models, cluster size distribution, power-law scaling, self-organization |
| INDIVIDUALLY BASED MODEL | Origins of size variation within model and empirical populations. individual variation, individually based model, coefficient of variation |
| INDUCED DEFENCES | A new scale of variability in plant secondary chemicals and effects on herbivore behavior. plant-herbivore interactions, induced defences, chemical ecology |
| INDUCED DEFENSE | Are induced defenses in plants more costly under competition? A manipulative approach. induced defense, costs of defense, competition, Arabidopsis thaliana |
| INDUCED DEFENSE | Maternally induced plant resistance: genetic variation, signals, and consequences. induced defense, herbivory, maternal effect |
| INDUCED DEFENSE | 7 Trophic interactions among a wild plant, its herbivores, and parasitic wasps. tritrophic interactions, damage-induced volatiles, induced defense, Manduca sexta |
| INDUCED RESISTANCE | Induced response of fertilized and irrigated pines to wounding and inoculation. defense, induced resistance, herbivores, pathogens |
| INDUCED RESISTANCE | Positive and negative cross-talk in pathways of resistance to pathogens and insects. salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, induced resistance, apoptosis |
| INDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY | Herbivores benefit from plant responses induced by leaf-feeding beetle. induced susceptibility, specialist, generalist, phytophagy |
| INFECTION RATE | Herbivore pressure and endophyte infection frequency in tall fescue. endophyte, tall fescue, herbivory, infection rate |
| INFECTION TRANSMISSION | 41 Effects of environmental cues on transmission of the estuarine trematode parasite Himasthla rhigedana. parasite, larval transport, environmental cues, infection transmission |
| INFECTIOUS DISEASE | Good medicine for conservation biology: the intersection of epidemiology and conservation theory. infectious disease, host population, epidemiology |
| INFECTIOUS DISEASES | Predicting the spatial dynamics of infectious diseases: raccoon rabies as a model system. infectious diseases, spatial dynamics, rabies |
| INFECTIVITY | The soil biotic community increases the infectivity of Frankia. Frankia, Casuarina, infectivity, actinorhizal |
| INFILTRATION | 44 Disturbance effects on infiltration and erosion susceptibility for biologically crusted soils in the Mojave Desert. biological crusts, infiltration, erosion, desert |
| INFLORESCENCE | The consequences of inflorescence architecture for bumble bee behaviour and plant mating. pollination, inflorescence, architecture, behaviour |
| INFRARED | 72 Infrared warming and forced convective cooling of webs of the fall webworm caterpillar (Hyphantria cunea). Hyphantria cunea, thermoregulation, infrared, web |
| INHOMOGENEOUS POISSON PROCESS | Fire arrival probabilities vary with stand-type in boreal mixedwood forests. lightning fire arrivals, inhomogeneous Poisson process, fire frequency |
| INLAND SALT MARSH | Seed bank response after experimental manipulations of Phragmites australis in an inland salt marsh. Phragmites australis, inland salt marsh, halophytes, seed germination |
| INLAND SALT MARSH | 129 Composition and structure of a west Texas salt marsh. inland salt marsh, threatened species, pecos sunflower, puzzle sunflower |
| INNOVATIVE | Ecology curriculum reform: Integrating innovative teaching and global change technology. education, innovative, undergraduate, reform |
| INPUT-OUTPUT REPRESENTATIONS | The Ecological Structure of Economic Systems. production economics, input-output representations, environmental regulations, sustainable economies |
| INQUIRY | Evaluation of inquiry-based science courses and an ecology course case study. course evaluation, inquiry, epistemology, course reform |
| INQUIRY-BASED | 25 Long Term Ecological Research Network K-12 Education Partnership: Students and Teachers Experiencing LTER. K-12 Education, long-term datasets, inquiry-based, LTER |
| INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING | 21 A Month-long Institute on Biodiversity for High School and Middle School Science Teachers. biodiversity, science education, inquiry-based learning, science workshops |
| INQUIRY-BASED RESEARCH | An inquiry based approach to learning about ecosystem processes. inquiry-based research, high school education, forest ecology |
| INQUIRY-BASED SCIENCE | Peer review in student environmental science research. inquiry-based science, peer review, high school science |
| INSECT BIODIVERSITY | 52 Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on canopy insect biodiversity . insect biodiversity, carbon dioxide, ozone, free-air carbon dioxide enrichment |
| INSECT COMMUNITIES | Structural complexity of submerged rootmats and its influence on the resident aquatic insect community. structural complexity, insect communities, aquatic systems |
| INSECT GALL | The effects of host-plant genotype and condition on a gall-forming midge and its parasitoids. Baccharis pilularis, Rhopalomyia californica, parasitoid, insect gall |
| INSECT HERBIVORY | Facilitation vs. apparent competition and the establishment of tree seedlings under nurse shrubs in northern Patagonia. indirect interactions between plants, recruitment facilitation, short-term apparent competition, insect herbivory |
| INSECT HERBIVORY | 10 Plant phenology, reproduction, and insect herbivory in a fragmented landscape. plant population size, plant phenology, insect species richness, insect herbivory |
| INSECT HERBIVORY | 109 Invasion resistance against an exotic thistle provided by natural enemies of a native thistle. ecosystem service, biotic resistance, insect herbivory, Cirsium |
| INSECT NATURAL ENEMIES | 5 Impact of a third trophic level on the dynamics of an obligate mutualism. obligate mutualism, tritrophic interactions, insect natural enemies, yucca |
| INSECT OUTBREAKS | Small scale spatio-temporal dynamics of southern pine beetles and clerids. spatio-temporal dynamics, insect outbreaks, predator-prey, population |
| INSECT PEST DIVERSITY | 13 Ecology and Survey of important pests of stored grains from kafr El- Sheikh, Egypt. grain pests, cereal pests, insect pest diversity |
| INSECT PLANT INTERACTIONS | 91 Calcareous grassland responses to field manipulation of local climate. climate change, grassland ecology, drought, insect plant interactions |
| INSECT POPULATION DYNAMICS | Population dynamics during rapid response to climatic change. range change, climate change, insect population dynamics, butterflies |
| INSECT SPECIES RICHNESS | 10 Plant phenology, reproduction, and insect herbivory in a fragmented landscape. plant population size, plant phenology, insect species richness, insect herbivory |
| INSECT SYMBIONTS | Bacterial diversity of the Gypsy Moth midgut. bacterial diversity, insect symbionts, gypsy moth |
| INSECT-PLANT INTERACTIONS | Characterizing the spatial interaction of the wheat stem sawfly with weedy and crop hosts. wheat stem sawfly, spatial ecology, insect-plant interactions, wild oat |
| INSECTS | Behavioral assessment of potential disruption of biological control by intraguild predation. generalist predators, foraging behavior, biological control, insects |
| INSECTS | 1 Ecological database of the world's insect pathogens. database, host range, pathogens, insects |
| INSOLATION | 131 Topographic influences on solar radiation at landscape scales. solar radiation, topography, landscape ecology, insolation |
| INSTREAM HABITAT | 144 An experimental manipulation to assess ecological impacts of riparian disturbances on small stream ecosystems. riparian distrubance, instream habitat, aquatic communities, fishes and macroinvertebrates |
| INTACT CORES | Do litterbags underestimate fine root decomposition? root decay , fine roots, intact cores, litterbags |
| INTEGER PROGRAMMING | Spatial reserve design: a comparison of methods for determining optimal habitat layouts for an endangered species. stochastic simulation optimization, ranking and selection, integer programming, reaction-diffusion |
| INTEGRAL EQUATIONS | Estimating dispersal kernels from mark-recapture data. mark-recapture statistics, dispersal kernel, distribution of dispersal displacements , integral equations |
| INTEGRATED REGIONAL ASSESSMENT | The interactions of climate, society, and natural resources in the mid-Atlantic U.S. regional impacts of climate change, valuing ecological changes, integrated regional assessment, perceptions of ecosystems and their functioning |
| INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT | Controlling weeds by maximising interspecific competition and insect herbivory. integrated weed management, competition, herbivory, herbicides |
| INTEGRATION | Seeking better conceptualizations for integrating processes across heterogeneous domains. biogeochemistry, heterogeneous environments, integration, conceptualization |
| INTENSITY OF COMPETITION | Testing hypotheses in spatio-temporal plant competition using measures of interaction strength. intensity of competition, storage effect, spatio-temporal variation, environmental heterogeneity |
| INTER-ANNUAL VARIABILITY | Comparing the impacts of bass and Bythotrephes introductions on the zooplankton of Canadian Shield lakes. Bythotrephes, zooplankton, inter-annual variability, predation |
| INTERACTION STRENGTH | Variation and consistency in the strength of shrub-herb competition across natural and experimental moisture gradients. competition, interaction strength, shrub invasion, meadow restoration |
| INTERACTIONS | Facilitation among annual plants in the Negev desert. facilitation, commensalism, interactions, arid |
| INTERACTIONS | Functional group versus species-specific approaches to positive interactions in plant communities. facilitation, species-specific, interactions, functional groups |
| INTERACTIVE TEACHING | 14 Teaching ecology with interactive methods. interactive teaching, worksheets, group learning, rewrites to improve grades |
| INTERCHANGE METHOD | Interchange approaches for optimal control of processes on landscapes. interchange method, hydrology, wildlife populations, spatial models |
| INTERDISCIPLINARY | 23 Quantitative Environmental Learning Project. education, interdisciplinary, mathematics, environment |
| INTERFERENCE COMPETITION | 16 Effect of predator interference on population dynamics. predator-prey, interference competition |
| INTERFERENCE COMPETITION | Tri-trophic interactions and multiple predator effects in the canopies of ponderosa pine forests. multiple predator effects, tri-trophic interactions, interference competition, indirect effects |
| INTERIOR ALASKA | 10 Analysis of the distribution of vegetation classes in interior Alaska. vegetation classification, interior Alaska, boreal forest |
| INTERNATIONAL | Toward an international conservation ethic: lessons from the cranes of Asia. international, conservation, ethic, Leopold |
| INTERPATCH MOVEMENT | Age/sex-specific rates of interpond movement of Chrysemys picta picta (eastern painted turtle). interpatch movement, movement patterns, Chrysemys picta picta, eastern painted turtle |
| INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION | 122 The effect of interspecific competition for pollinator service on pollen dispersal and gene flow in mixed arrays of Mimulus ringens and Lobelia siphilitica. mating system, gene dispersal, interspecific competition, heterospecific pollen |
| INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION | Species specific root allocation patterns in belowground competition. root allocation, belowground competition, interspecific competition |
| INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS | Using life-table resonse experiments to quantify herbivore and pollinator influences on plant population dynamics. life-table resonse experiment , demography, interspecific interactions, spatial and temporal variation |
| INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS | Linking plant traits to interspecific interactions using path analysis. plant traits, interspecific interactions, path analysis, comparative approach |
| INTERVAL-CENSORING | 99 Recognizing hazards in estimates of tree mortality. survival, permanent plot, proportional hazards, interval-censoring |
| INTRAGUILD | Resource availability affects intraguild interactions between larval salamanders. Ambystoma, competition, intraguild, predation |
| INTRAGUILD PREDATION | 36 The order of introduction and community composition in a system of intraguild predators. priority effects, intraguild predation |
| INTRAGUILD PREDATION | 37 A field experiment to test the hypothesis that predation by gnaphosid spiders is a major mortality factor for juvenile wolf spiders. intraguild predation, forest-floor, spiders |
| INTRAGUILD PREDATION | 40 Effect of red imported fire ants on caterpillar-parasitoid interactions. intraguild predation, biological control, complex trophic interactions, Solenopsis invicta |
| INTRAGUILD PREDATION | Are specialist natural enemies more effective biocontrol agents than generalists? generalist predators, parasitoids, population dynamics, intraguild predation |
| INTRAGUILD PREDATION | Pervasive invasives and complex trophic interactions: the impact of red imported fire ants on biological control. intraguild predation, agroecology, invasive species, Solenopsis invicta |
| INTRAGUILD PREDATION | Intraguild predation dampens the combined impact of Grammonota and Pardosa spiders on prey populations. intraguild predation, top-down control, spider predation, biological control |
| INTRAGUILD PREDATION | Complex habitats moderate predator-predator interactions and dampen trophic cascades. intraguild predation, habitat complexity, trophic cascade |
| INTRAGUILD PREDATION | 69 Activity and microhabitat use during interactions among five species of pond-breeding salamander larvae. salamander larvae, intraguild predation, niche partitioning, microhabitat |
| INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION | The role of intraspecific competition in size and fecundity variation in Draba verna L. Draba verna, Erophila verna, intraspecific competition, image analysis, maternal effects |
| INTRASPECIFIC INTERACTIONS | Life history consequences of size-specific interactions in the Arizona tiger salamander. life history, intraspecific interactions, size structure |
| INTRODUCED HERBIVORES | Interactions between introduced herbivores, plants, and their insect pollinators: density-mediated indirect effects on plant reproduction. indirect effects, pollination, population density, introduced herbivores |
| INTRODUCED SPECIES | 75 Do introduced plants reduce their allocation to defense? An experimental test with goldenrod (Solidago gigantea). Solidago gigantea, introduced species, invasive species, EICA hypothesis |
| INTRODUCED SPECIES | Diversity and dynamics of soil invertebrates in urban forests. soil invertebrates, urban forests, introduced species, detritivores |
| INTRODUCED TREES | 59 Introduced tree species in urban woodlands in Worcester, Massachusetts. urban woodlands, introduced trees, Norway maple, Acer platanoides |
| INTRODUCTION | Seasonal and diel activity patterns of Italian wall lizards in New York, USA. Podarcis sicula, lizard, behavior, introduction |
| INTROGRESSION | Long-term persistence of crop alleles in experimental populations of a common weed, Raphanus raphanistrum. hybrid, introgression, crop, Raphanus raphanistrum |
| INVADERS | Predicting communities vulnerable to plant invasions. invaders, immigrants, naturalization, invasions |
| INVASIBILITY | Fluctuating resources lead to predictable changes in competition and invasibility. invasibility, invasive species, invasion, competition |
| INVASIBILITY | 15 Effects of seed density and seed richness on species diversity and invasibility. propagule pressure, immigration-extinction gradient, diversity, invasibility |
| INVASIBILITY | The role of resource availability in plant community invasibility. biological invasions, serpentine grassland, resource availability, invasibility |
| INVASIBILITY | Fluctuating Resources Lead to Predictable Changes in Competition and Invasibility. invasibility, species invasions, competition, resource availability |
| INVASION | Introduced fish increases survival of introduced bullfrogs. invasion, Rana catesbeiana, facilitation, ponds |
| INVASION | Testing Fox's assembly rule: Does plant invasion depend on recipient community structure? functional group, plant, invasion, resistance |
| INVASION | Changes in plant community structure following the removal of a dominant perennial invasive species. invasion, Foeniculum vulgare , species diversity, canonical correspondence analysis |
| INVASION | Invasive plants harbor hungry detritivores that alter ecosystem function. diversity, decomposition, function, invasion |
| INVASION | Effects of Fraxinus uhdei invasion on nitrogen cycling in a Hawaiian rainforest. invasion, nutrient cycling |
| INVASION | Direct and indirect effects of invasive rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) on aquatic macrophyte establishment, survival and growth. invasion, impact, macrophytes, crayfish |
| INVASION | Strong competitive effects of exotic perennial grasses on California native grasses are unaffected by N fertilization in a greenhouse experiment. invasion, plant competition, nutrients, exotic grasses |
| INVASION | Impact of soil communities on native and exotic plants in southern California. exotic, invasion, AM fungi, soil community |
| INVASION | Fluctuating resources lead to predictable changes in competition and invasibility. invasibility, invasive species, invasion, competition |
| INVASION | In search of general principles in regeneration ecology. ecosystem, regeneration, invasion, filter |
| INVASION | Species diversity, resource competition and community invasibility: a Minnesota grassland experiment. plants, invasion, competition, diversity |
| INVASION | C3 shrub invasion in a C4 grassland: Post-fire responses in resources and shoot growth. shrub, invasion, post-fire, grassland |
| INVASION | Vegetation and soil characteristics of intertidal habitats colonized by Spartina anglicain Padilla Bay, WA, USA. Spartina anglica, invasion, Puget Sound |
| INVASION | 64 Soil carbon addition for weed control in tallgrass prairie restoration. invasion, nitrogen immobilization, weed competition |
| INVASION | The impacts of a riparian invader, salt cedar (Tamarix ramosissima), on a stream food web. invasion, terrestrial-aquatic linkage, stream food web, Tamarix |
| INVASION | 57 Factors influencing the invasion of Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum) at Lake Jackson, Florida. gradient analysis, invasion, Sapium sebiferum, species abundance |
| INVASION | The ecology and genetics of invasions: a case study of the invasion of the rusty crayfish, Orconectes rusticus . invasion, hybridization, crayfishes, species replacement |
| INVASION BIOLOGY | What population-level mechanisms drive stream fish invasions?: A large-scale field experiment with salmonids in the western U.S. invasion biology, stream fishes, large-scale experiments, landscape ecology |
| INVASION OF NONINDIGENOUS SPECIES | 113 Spread and invasion of Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife): relative effects of seed supply and environmental factors. Lythrum salicaria, invasion of nonindigenous species, seed bank, wetlands |
| INVASIONS | Predicting communities vulnerable to plant invasions. invaders, immigrants, naturalization, invasions |
| INVASIONS | Estimating population spread based on dispersal data: what can we forecast and how well? invasions, dispersal |
| INVASIONS | Do invasive and noninvasive Gambusia respond differently to novel biotic interactions? invasions, fish, gambusia, behavior |
| INVASIONS | Fitness and phenotypic plasticity among European, North American, and New Zealand populations of Bromus tectorum. invasions, weeds |
| INVASIONS | Dampening environmental stochasticity among immigrant plants: The role of cultivation. invasions, naturalization, environmental stochasticity, cultivation |
| INVASIONS | The effects of an invasive eelgrass, Zostera japonica, on species interactions in a Washington estuary: an experimental manipulation of native and invasive vegetation. Zostera japonica, Zostera marina, invasions, eelgrass |
| INVASIONS | Effects of resource availability and soil pH on the growth of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii). Berberis thunbergii, invasions, soil pH, resource availability |
| INVASIONS | 110 Variation in soil nitrogen availability affects leaf characteristics and photosynthesis of Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) . Berberis thunbergii, invasions, N availability, photosynthesis |
| INVASIONS | The influence of invasive earthworms on distribution of soil organic matter depends upon land use history. earthworms, invasions, carbon, nitrogen |
| INVASIONS | Spread of an invasive plant in pacific estuaries: A quantitative analysis of Spartina alterniflora in Willapa Bay, WA. Spartina alterniflora, Pacific, estuarine, invasions |
| INVASIVE | 61 The genetic variation of an invasive perennial, Lepidium latifolium L.(Cruciferae), across the western United States. invasive, lepidium, mustard, genetics |
| INVASIVE | 39 Effects of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) on foraging efficiency of mottled sculpins (Cottus bairdi). invasive, exotic, community, Lake Champlain |
| INVASIVE | 55 Non-native plant presence and prevalence in Illinois: The Critical Trends Assessment Program. non-native, invasive, Illinois, monitoring |
| INVASIVE | Species richness effects on microsite availability for seed germination of the invasive Phalaris arundinacea (L.). invasive, light, germination, species-richness |
| INVASIVE | Does the success of nitrogen-fixing invaders depend on nutrient limitation of invaded habitat? Genista monspessulana, invasive, nutrient-limitation, grassland |
| INVASIVE | Predicting patterns of community invasion and potential changes in forest succession by a non-indigenous shrub, Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). Lonicera maackii, non-indigenous, invasive, exotic |
| INVASIVE | 78 Dispersal, reproduction and physiological ecology of two invasive non-indigenous fern species; Lygodium microphyllum and L. japonicum. invasive, reproduction, relative growth rate |
| INVASIVE | Invasion and impact of Phragmites australis in tidal freshwater marsh ecosystems. Phragmites, invasive, biomass, decomposition |
| INVASIVE | Grazing on invasive and endemic populations of the green alga Codium fragile<I/>. invasive, algae, herbivory, Codium fragile |
| INVASIVE | Seasonal water-use and gas exchange patterns of an invasive exotic tree in a saline environment. invasive, salinity, water-use, assimilation |
| INVASIVE | Effects of root and leaf herbivory on purple loosestrife, an invasive weed of wetlands. herbivory, invasive, plant communities, wetland |
| INVASIVE COMPETITORS | What should we look for in an invasive competitor? invasive competitors, selective invader, twin invader |
| INVASIVE PLANT | The interaction of the ecology and evolution of an exotic estuarine plant, Spartina alterniflora Loisel. invasive plant, pollen limitation, population growth, Spartina alterniflora |
| INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES | 77 The Impact of invasive plant species on eastern oak-hickory forests. invasive plant species, oak-hickory forests |
| INVASIVE PLANTS | Prioritizing plant: the alien plant ranking system. invasive plants, ranking system, alien plants, decision support tools |
| INVASIVE PLANTS | Effects of defoliation on the invasive species, Centaurea maculosa: neighbors, allelopathy, compensatory growth and mycorrhizae. compensatory growth, invasive plants, mycorrhizae, allelopathy |
| INVASIVE PLANTS | Effect of native fungi on growth, physiology and morphology of an invasive shrub, Ardisia crenata. arbuscular mycorrhizae, invasive plants, ecophysiology, colonization rates |
| INVASIVE PLANTS | 47 Invasibility of endogenous and exotic disturbances in mixed-grass prairie. natural areas, invasive plants, prairie, disturbance |
| INVASIVE PLANTS | Do species traits or habitat characteristics determine non-native plant invasion? A synthesis from Rocky Mountain National Park. invasive plants, Rocky Mountain National Park |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Understanding fish invasions in California: patterns in humans and watersheds. invasive species, California, biodiversity, anthropogenic change |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | 75 Do introduced plants reduce their allocation to defense? An experimental test with goldenrod (Solidago gigantea). Solidago gigantea, introduced species, invasive species, EICA hypothesis |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Impacts of an invasive, bud-feeding thrips on forest health in the Great Lakes region. Thrips calcaratus, invasive species, herbivore, forest health |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | 76 Assessment of non-native plants on the National Environmental Research Park at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Microstegium vimineum, Lonicera japonica, Ligustrum sinense, invasive species |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | 112 Vegetation before and after purple loosestrife removal. Lythrum salicaria, wetlands, invasive species |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | 78 Long-term revegetation of restored prairie pothole wetlands. wetland restoration, invasive species, prairie potholes, recolonization |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | 71 Deciduous woodland dynamics following removal of invasive honeysuckle. deciduous woodland, honeysuckle, invasive species, restoration |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Are community structure and susceptibility to invasion related? Analysis of 50-year old permanent plots. community invasibility, permanent plots, eastern Washington, invasive species |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Pervasive invasives and complex trophic interactions: the impact of red imported fire ants on biological control. intraguild predation, agroecology, invasive species, Solenopsis invicta |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Biogeochemical control of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) germination, emergence, and growth. cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), invasive species, biogeochemistry, Canyonlands National Park |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | 135 Effects of stand composition on changes in productivity associated with hemlock decline. Adelges tsugae, forest productivity, invasive species, Tsuga canadensis |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Peak fire temperatures and short-term ecological effects in the Mojave Desert. annual plants, soil nutrients, disturbance ecology, invasive species |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | 69 Introduced tachinid parasitoid explains the enigmatic disappearance of the invasive browntail moth. invasive species, population dynamics, biological control |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Effects of exotic species invasion and species replacement on prey community structure. invasive species, rainbow smelt, zooplankton community structure, planktivory |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | The impact of garlic mustard invasions on woodland salamander populations in New York. salamander, garlic mustard, invasive species, amphibian population declines |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Test of the release from natural enemies hypothesis using the invasive tropical shrub Clidemia hirta. Clidemia hirta, Hawaii, invasive species, natural enemies |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | 60 Effects of removing an invasive understory shrub on growth of canopy trees in northeastern Illinois. Rhamnus cathartica, management techniques, invasive species, competition |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Is the past the key to the future? Predicting future Great Lakes fish invaders. nonindigenous species, invasive species, Great Lakes, prediction |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Seasonal carbohydrate fluctuations in Phalaris arundinacea rhizomes: implications for native recolonization in wetland restorations. invasive species, Phalaris arundinacea, wetland restoration |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | A test of carbon transfer via mycorrhizal linkages between invasive and native grassland species. mycorrhizae, carbon transfer, invasive species, phosphorus |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Resource and propagule limitation in invasion of tropical rain forest by an exotic shrub. plant demography, elasticity analysis, invasive species, matrix model |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Invasive species impacts on threatened and endangered salmonids in the Columbia River Basin. invasive species, endangered species, salmon |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Invader-mediated changes in ground-dwelling arthropod assemblages. arthropods, invasive species, Arundo donax, Vinca major |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | 66 Source-sink dynamics and physiological variation among invading populations of garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata . source-sink dynamics, invasive species, ecophysiology |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | 16 Comparison of parental and growth condition effects between the invasive annual grass Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens and two native Mojave Desert annual species. invasive species, mojave desert, seed ecology |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Regulations to Limit Introduction and Spread of Invasive Species: Past, Present, and Future. invasive species, regulations, policy |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | The replacement of wetland vegetation by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) . wetlands, invasive species, reed canarygrass, Phalaris arundinacea |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Fluctuating resources lead to predictable changes in competition and invasibility. invasibility, invasive species, invasion, competition |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Disturbance theory and restoration of natural flow regimes. natural flow regime, stage structured model, invasive species, disturbance |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Impact of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinaceae) density on plant and moth communities in northwest Oregon. purple loosestrife, reed canary grass, invasive species, community impacts |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Invasive disturbance agents as mediators of grassland communities. invasive species, disturbance, grasslands, context-dependent outcomes |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Landscape patterns of aquatic invaders: Assessing the extent of zebra mussel dispersal from spatial distributions. spatial patterns, invasive species, lakes, dispersal |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | 68 A worldwide review of nutria (Myocastor coypus) introduction and eradication efforts. Myocastor coypus, invasive species, fur trade, marsh |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | Environmental stress and plant community invasibility in a coastal grassland in California. coastal grassland, plant competition, invasive species, environmental stress |
| INVASIVE SPECIES CONTROL | Competitive suppression of an invasive species: competition for nitrogen between Carex hystericina and Phalaris arundinacea. Phalaris arundinacea, invasive species control, wetland restoration, sedge meadows |
| INVASIVE WEED | 103 Spatial segregation of juvenile and mature garlic mustard plants (Alliaria petiolata) in a central Pennsylvania woodland. Alliaria petiolata, invasive weed, spatial segregation, demography |
| INVASIVE WEED | Germination and establishment of Cynara cardunculus: information for an improved seedling removal strategy of an invasive weed. Cynara cardunculus, artichoke thistle, invasive weed, thistle |
| INVASIVE/EXOTIC SPECIES | 62 Effects of disturbance on Kochia prostrata spread in native and exotic Great Basin communities. Kochia prostrata, invasive/exotic species, Great Basin |
| INVASIVES | Protecting biodiversity from invasive species in a large metropolitan area. invasives, monitoring, volunteers, management |
| INVASIVES | 72 Impacts of transportation corridors on invasive species of fish and wildlife in West Virginia. exotic, invasives, wildlife, transportation |
| INVASIVES | 63 Experimental treatment for Euphorbia esula infestations at Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge. Euphorbia esula, biocontrol, invasives |
| INVENTORY | 118 Integrating forest inventories and ecosystem models. forest, carbon, inventory |
| INVENTORY | Landscape pattern and process of an urban ecosystem: an integrated field inventory approach. urban, inventory, patch, gradient |
| INVENTORY | 34 Diversity among floras of shelterwood stands in the Green Mountain National Forest, Vermont. inventory, disturbance, silviculture, forest |
| INVENTORY | A nested-intensity design for surveying plant diversity. diversity, inventory, heterogeneity |
| INVERSE DENSITY DEPENDENCE | Allee effects and stochasticity. Allee effect, depensation, inverse density dependence, positive density dependence |
| INVERSION | Inversion of eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements for the estimation of canopy structure. par interception, canopy structure, co2 flux, inversion |
| INVERSION | Atmospheric constraints on physiological processes from CO2 inversions. inversion, Q10, light use efficiency |
| INVERTASE | One insect and two invertases: the mechanisms and function of sink strength in galls. gall, sink, invertase, aphid |
| INVERTEBRATE BEHAVIOR | 78 Spatial distribution and courtship behavior in the fairy shrimp Eubranchipus bundyi . Eubranchipus bundyi, Fairy Shrimp, Anostraca, invertebrate behavior |
| INVERTEBRATE PREDATION | Reticulate versus straight-line models of pelagic food webs. food webs, trophic triangle, invertebrate predation, trophic cascade |
| INVERTEBRATE PREDATORS | Does Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) shift the balance between fish and invertebrate predators? dissolved organic carbon, invertebrate predators, food web, refuge |
| INVERTEBRATES | Consequences of detrital heterogeneity for stream invertebrates: Results from a simulation analysis and field experiment. streams, riparian, litter, invertebrates |
| INVERTEBRATES | Direct and indirect effects of disturbance and nutrients on stream communities of the Midwestern U.S. hydrologic disturbance, benthic community structure, stream ecology, invertebrates |
| INVERTEBRATES | 76 Management regime, scale, and the diversity of leaflitter arthropod communities in the Missouri Ozarks. community, invertebrates, forest, disturbance |
| INVERTEBRATES | Statistical implications of taxonomic resolution in assessing aquatic ecosystem disturbances. streams, invertebrates, variability, sensitivity |
| INVERTEBRATES | Ultraviolet radiation and benthic algae and invertebrate communities in montane lakes of Jasper, Canada. ultraviolet radiation, epilithon, invertebrates, food quality |
| INVERTEBRATES | Spatial scaling of Everglades aquatic macroinvertebrates. Everglades, periphyton, invertebrates, spatial autocorrelation |
| INVERTEBRATES | 140 Invertebrate population dynamics after oak community disturbance by burning in California, USA, and Portugal, South Europe. invertebrates, fire, oak, disturbance |
| INVERTEBRATES | 81 Wings and mucus in space and time: Patterns of invertebrate biogeography in Grand Canyon. invertebrates, Grand Canyon, biogeography |
| INVESTIGATIVE LABORATORY | Retaining students in ecology: enriching introductory chemistry, biology, and non-majors science with wetland restoration projects. applied learning, project-based learning, investigative laboratory, restoration |
| IRON | Iron-phosphorus cycling in southeastern Piedmont lakes. phosphorus, iron, nutrient cycling, lakes |
| IRRADIANCE | Effects of winter light limitation and herbivory on a high intertidal community. bottom-up, top-down, irradiance, herbivory |
| ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY | The effects of island area and latitude on species extinction rates. extinction rates, island biogeography, range size, latitudinal gradients |
| ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY | 34 Spatial patterns of bird species richness in East Asia . Species richness, Asia, island biogeography, latitudinal gradients |
| ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY | When is an island community in stochastic equilibrium? equilibrium, island biogeography, likelihood, species number |
| ISOLATED WETLANDS | Temporary connections make "isolated" wetlands function at the landscape scale: consequences for wetland conservation policy. ecosystem structure and function, landscape connectivity, isolated wetlands |
| ISOLATION | Biogeographic factors influencing native plant species distribution in riparian areas in an urbanizing Oregon basin. edge, fragmentation, isolation, vegetation |
| ISOLEG THEORY | Asymmetric competition affects habitat selection and niche overlap in juvenile salmonids. asymmetric competition, isoleg theory, habitat selection, niche overlap |
| ISOPRENE | Elevated CO2 growth conditions suppress isoprene emissions from cottonwood trees (Populus deltoides) grown in an enclosed ecosystem. isoprene, carbon dioxide, Populus deltoides, enclosed ecosystems |
| ISOTOPE | 43 Use of hydrogen isotope analysis to identify source water of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). hydrogen, deuterium, isotope |
| ISOTOPE | 35 Historical variations in nitrogen source to wetlands. nitrogen, isotope, land use, wetlands |
| ISOTOPES | Use of stable isotopes to study the responses of ecosystem respiration in a forest exposed to elevated CO2. respiration, global change, isotopes, elevated CO2 |
| ISOTOPES | 43 Nitrogen fixation along rainfall and disturbance gradients in Southern Africa and its relation with phosphorus concentration and water availability. nitrogen , fixation, isotopes, legumes |
| ISOTOPIC SIGNATURE | Oxygen and carbon isotope compositions in desert endotherms and ectotherms: Effects of diet, physiology, and climate. isotopic signature, body water turnover, endotherm and ectotherm, c3 and c4 |
| ISSUES TO TEACH ECOLOGY | 19 Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology (TIEE): A web site and CD-ROM for undergraduate ecological education. education, experiments to teach ecology, issues to teach ecology, digital library |