
| HOME SCHEDULE AUTHOR INDEX SUBJECT INDEX |
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
| SCROPHULARIACEAE | The influence of Mimulus ringens floral display size on patterns of pollinator visitation. POLLINATOR, MATING SYSTEM, SCROPHULARIACEAE, POLLEN |
| SCROPHULARIACEAE | The influence of floral display size on mating patterns in Mimulus ringens. MATING SYSTEM, SCROPHULARIACEAE, SELF-POLLINATION, POLLEN |
| SE ASIA | Effects of N additions on N-oxide emissions and soil N dynamics across a matrix of land use, elevation, soil age, and soil type on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo (Malaysia). nitrous oxide, nitrification, tropical forest, SE Asia |
| SEEDS | 4 Student Perceptions of SEEDS. diversity, minorities, recruitment, SEEDS |
| SELF-POLLINATION | The influence of floral display size on mating patterns in Mimulus ringens. MATING SYSTEM, SCROPHULARIACEAE, SELF-POLLINATION, POLLEN |
| SIR | Escalating impacts of marine epizootics and the role of a changing environment : insights from a coral-fungus pathosystem. corals, epizootic, SIR, marine |
| SOIL WATER BALANCE | 129 Soil water balance in the arid southwest. SOIL WATER BALANCE, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION |
| SACATON | The Botteri Sparrow:An avian habitat specialist colonizing an alien grassland in southeastern Arizona. Botteri sparrow , Sacaton, Boer lovegrass, Ecological trap |
| SALINITY | The importance of viscosity in saline waters: Urmia Lake, northwest of Iran. Salinity, Viscosity, Zooplankton |
| SANDHILLS OF NEBRASKA | 50 Variability in stomatal characteristics of C4 grasses native to the Nebraska Sandhills. Ecotypic variability, drought, C4 grasses , Sandhills of Nebraska |
| SAP-FLUX | Environmental and ontogenetic controls over transpiration of Pinus flexilis and P. ponderosa in northern Arizona. Transpiration, Sap-Flux, Conductance, Ontogeny |
| SAVANNA | The effects of a light gradient on seedling establishment in an oak savanna restoration. Restoration, Plants, Savanna, Light |
| SAVANNA | 24 Soil and vegetation changes along savanna-ecotone gradient in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela. Gradient, Ecotone, Fern, Savanna |
| SAVANNAH RIVER SITE | Cross-scale determinants of the Savannah River Site mammalian community, South Carolina. Savannah River Site, scale, landscape indices, mammals |
| SCIENCE EDUCATION | 18 Impact of NSF GK–12 TIGERs Fellows on science education in the middle grades of West Virginia Schools. Science education, NSF GK–12 Teaching Fellows |
| SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION | Shear stress and sediment resuspension in canopy- and meadow-forming submersed macrophyte communities. Submersed Macrophytes, Sediment Resuspension, Shear Stress, Shallow Lakes |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Fitness and population consequences of a seed dispersal mutualism. Seed dispersal , Invasions, Mutualism, Population dynamics |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Do habitat corridors facilitate seed dispersal by birds? Seed dispersal, Habitat corridors, Frugivory |
| SEEDLING SURVIVAL | Germination and seedling survival of an invasive weed (Verbascum thapsus) along an elevational gradient in Hawai`i. Invasion , Demography, Germination, Seedling survival |
| SELECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS | Do plants selectively associate with species of ectomycorrhizal fungi that support highest plant growth? Growth of Abies balsamea seedlings, Composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi, Selective associations, Light intensity |
| SERENGETI NATIONAL PARK | Avian responses to natural and anthropogenic habitat changes in the Serengeti ecosystem. Serengeti National Park, avian communities, habitat change, agriculture |
| SERENGETI GRASSLANDS | Precipitation versus nutrient availability; what is more important in regulating diversity patterns in an African grassland/savanna? Serengeti grasslands, precipitation gradients, soil microbial processes, primary production |
| SHALLOW LAKES | Shear stress and sediment resuspension in canopy- and meadow-forming submersed macrophyte communities. Submersed Macrophytes, Sediment Resuspension, Shear Stress, Shallow Lakes |
| SHAWANGUNK MOUNTAINS | Three centuries of vegetational change in the Shawangunk Mountains: What are we preserving today? Shawangunk Mountains, forest history |
| SHEAR STRESS | Shear stress and sediment resuspension in canopy- and meadow-forming submersed macrophyte communities. Submersed Macrophytes, Sediment Resuspension, Shear Stress, Shallow Lakes |
| SIBERIA | Conifer stomates as indicators of the subarctic and subalpine treeline. conifer stomates, treeline, northwestern Canada, Siberia |
| SICAMOUS CREEK | Forest soil changes across forest-clearcut edges in a high-elevation coniferous forest. edge effect, forest soil, clearcut, Sicamous Creek |
| SIERRA NEVADA | 102 Effect of increased summer precipitation on high-temperature tolerance for Purshia tridentata. water potential, photosynthesis, Great Basin Desert, Sierra Nevada |
| SIERRA NEVADA | Multi-scale correlates of woody regeneration in the Sierra Nevada of California. regeneration, Sierra Nevada, topography, nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling |
| SIERRA | Climatic interpretation of 20th-century tree-ring patterns in high-elevation conifers. climate, tree-rings, ordination, Sierra |
| SILVER MAPLE | Influence of canopy tree types on litter production and soil microbial activities in Wisconsin River floodplain. Floodplain, Litter, Silver maple, Soil microbes |
| SIMULATION | 101 Quantification of spatial patterns using geostatistics - a simulation approach . Spatial patterns, Geostatistics, Patch, Simulation |
| SNOWMELT | Nitrogen budgets in Sierran Forests: Relative roles of atmospheric deposition, fire and nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen, Snowmelt, Fire, N-fixation |
| SOIL C AND N | 145 Influence of N Availability on C Sequestration in Soils. C Sequestration, Soil C and N, Soil C cycling |
| SOIL C CYCLING | 145 Influence of N Availability on C Sequestration in Soils. C Sequestration, Soil C and N, Soil C cycling |
| SOIL MAPPING | GIS, expert knowledge, and fuzzy logic-based approach to soil mapping over areas with moderate relief. GIS, Expert Systems, Fuzzy Logic, Soil Mapping |
| SOIL ORGANIC MATTER | Changes in soil carbon stocks with land management and increasing atmospheric CO2. Soil Organic Matter, Carbon Sequestration, Free-Air CO2 Enrichment |
| SOIL | 40 Soil nitrate and ammonium through 2 years of selective herbivory and chronic nitrogen enrichment. Nitrate, Ammonium, Herbivory, Soil |
| SOIL CARBON | 143 The effect of land use change on the belowground carbon stock of the Miombo Woodlands. Soil carbon, Land Use Change |
| SOIL MACROFAUNA | 118 Do successional changes in aboveground environmental conditions lead to a parallel succession in soil macrofaunal communities? Soil macrofauna, secondary succession, Cloud Forest, higher taxon diversity |
| SOIL MICROBES | Influence of canopy tree types on litter production and soil microbial activities in Wisconsin River floodplain. Floodplain, Litter, Silver maple, Soil microbes |
| SOIL PATCHES | Physiological responses of roots to pulses of nutrients. Malus domestica, Root foraging, Root respiration, Soil patches |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | Simulation of soil carbon dioxide efflux in a mature temperate spruce forest from 1975 to 1999. Soil respiration, CO2 efflux, Ecological modeling, Norway spruce at Solling |
| SOILS | 119 The effects of harvester ants on nitrogen storage in Mojave Desert soils. Deserts, Soils, Nitrogen, Ants |
| SOILS | 120 Harvester ants and soil nutrients: Effects of colony age and size on nitrogen storage. Deserts, Soils, Nitrogen, Ants |
| SONORAN DESERT | A century of increase in species richness at a Sonoran Desert site protected from prolonged human impact . diversity, human impact, recovery, Sonoran Desert |
| SONORAN DESERT | 108 Analysis of Sonoran desert vegetation in the CAP-LTER study area, Phoenix, AZ. Sonoran desert, urban ecology, woody plants, CAP-LTER |
| SOUTH AMERICA | Foodweb structure of tropical rivers with different biogeochemical attributes. guild, predation, South America, stable isotope |
| SOUTH SINAI | 130 Ecological evaluation of soil quality in South Sinai, Egypt. South Sinai, soil quality, landform, water availability |
| SPATIAL | Mixing, noise, predators and prey: Predicting individual based simulations from equations. Spatial , Models, Differential Equations, Predator-Prey |
| SPATIAL ECOLOGY | Quantifying variation in the spatial spread of raccoon rabies. Spatial Ecology, Parasite-Host Interactions, Rabies |
| SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION | 47 Spatial autocorrelation affects regional population dynamic of the beetle Timarcha lugens. Regional population dynamic, Spatial autocorrelation, High-mountains, Timarcha lugens |
| SPATIAL PATTERNS | 101 Quantification of spatial patterns using geostatistics - a simulation approach . Spatial patterns, Geostatistics, Patch, Simulation |
| SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT MODEL | Spatial and biological aspects of reserve design. Spatially-explicit model, reserve design, ecosystem processes, ecosystem services |
| SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERNS | Spatio-temporal patterns of available N and P after whole-tree harvest and girdling. Spatio-temporal Patterns, Nitrogen, Phosphorus , Disturbance |
| SPECIES ABUNDANCE | Consequences of competitive ability for species abundance in a guild of phloem-feeding insects. Intraspecific competition, Interspecific competition, Bottom-up control, Species abundance |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | 34 Spatial patterns of bird species richness in East Asia . Species richness, Asia, island biogeography, latitudinal gradients |
| SPICEBUSH | Indirect effects of the chemical properties of plant leaves on tree use among tits. Indirect effects, Parus species, Spicebush, Foraging niche |
| SPODOSOLS | 146 The total store of organic carbon in the soil of pine ecosystems in Northern and Central Europe. carbon storage, Spodosols, spatial variability, pine ecosystems |
| STABLE ISOTOPES | 39 Foliage produced under FACE experiments have lower 15N compared to ambient plants.Elevated CO2, Stable isotopes, Nitrogen |
| STATE SPACE MODELS | Incorporating observational error in density dependence population models. State Space Models, Population Dynamics, Bayesian Analysis, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) |
| STRATIFICATION | Integrating imagery and field data to estimate and extrapolate landscape characteristics. Imagery, Classification, Stratification, Extrapolation |
| STREAMS | The effects of Hurricane Floyd on benthic community structure in piedmont North Carolina streams. Community structure, Biodiversity, Streams, Hurricane Floyd |
| STRUCTURE | Canopy Structure in an age sequence of stands dominated by Pseudotsuga menziesii. Canopy, Structure, Chronosequence, Pseudotsuga menziesii |
| STUDENT/SCIENTIST | 1 Effect of student/scientist partnerships on student attitudes and motivation: Activity specific motivation versus broad-based shifts. attitudes, motivation, TOSRA, Student/Scientist |
| SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES | Functions of submersed vegetation in the Hudson River. Submerged macrophytes, Vallisneria americana, Primary production, Habitat |
| SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES | Shear stress and sediment resuspension in canopy- and meadow-forming submersed macrophyte communities. Submersed Macrophytes, Sediment Resuspension, Shear Stress, Shallow Lakes |
| SUBTROPICS | Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from drainage waters of an intensively farmed, subtropical valley. Nitrous Oxide, Nitrogen, Agricultural impacts, Subtropics |
| SUCCESSION | Species richness and patterns of invasion over 40 years of old field succession. Invasions, Diversity, Succession, Invasibility |
| SYSTEM TEMPORAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS | Testing an ecological model using mutual fund data. Multivariate time series, Vector Analysis, System temporal dynamic analysis |
| SAGEBRUSH RANGELANDS | Estimates of burn severity and habitat loss using remote sensing: Implications for restoration . spectral linear unmixing, fire intensity, sagebrush rangelands |
| SALAMANDER | The impact of garlic mustard invasions on woodland salamander populations in New York. salamander, garlic mustard, invasive species, amphibian population declines |
| SALAMANDER LARVAE | 69 Activity and microhabitat use during interactions among five species of pond-breeding salamander larvae. salamander larvae, intraguild predation, niche partitioning, microhabitat |
| SALICYLIC ACID | Positive and negative cross-talk in pathways of resistance to pathogens and insects. salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, induced resistance, apoptosis |
| SALINITY | 124 Xylem osmolality and leaf secretion of Avicennia germinans as affected by salinity and drought. mangroves, salt secretion, drought, salinity |
| SALINITY | 125 Leaf expansion and demography in Avicennia germinans L. grown in a salinity gradient. A. germinans, leaf demography, leaf expansion, salinity |
| SALINITY | 126 Photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and water relations in the mangrove Avicennia germinans L. A. germinans, mangroves, photosynthesis, salinity |
| SALINITY | Seasonal water-use and gas exchange patterns of an invasive exotic tree in a saline environment. invasive, salinity, water-use, assimilation |
| SALINITY GRADIENT | Evidence for local adaptation along a salinity gradient in a salt marsh perennial. local adaptation, salinity gradient, salt marsh plant, Borrichia frutescens |
| SALMON | Measuring the real costs and benefits of breaching four dams on the lower Snake River. dams, salmon, economics |
| SALMON | Hyporheic processing and storage of nutrients from spawning sockeye salmon. hyporheic, salmon, nitrogen, riparian |
| SALMON | Marine nutrients in freshwater ecosystems: role of salmon migrations in supporting stream food webs. stream, salmon, subsidy, foodweb |
| SALMON | Nutrient dynamics, life history diversity and hazing: implications for population viability of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). depensation, life history variability, population persistence/viability, salmon |
| SALMON | Invasive species impacts on threatened and endangered salmonids in the Columbia River Basin. invasive species, endangered species, salmon |
| SALMON | Using natural strontium signatures to track the movements and migrations of salmon. salmon, strontium, migration, otolith |
| SALMON | Depensatory mechanisms in the ecology of sockeye salmon and their ecosystems. depensatory mechanisms, salmon, climate change, aquatic ecosystems |
| SALMONID | Effects of habitat alteration on Great Lakes steelhead parr: an individual-based modeling analysis. salmonid, individual based model, parr, habitat alteration |
| SALT | 87 Increased carbon accumulation in a Chesapeake Bay wetland due to increased C3 plant species abundance. carbon, modeling, salt, marsh |
| SALT CEDAR | Tamarix response to flooding frequency and depth. exotics, flooding, management, salt cedar |
| SALT MARSH | 21 Effects of physical gradients on palatability of salt marsh plants to herbivores. herbivory, salt marsh, plant stress |
| SALT MARSH | 51 Using light induced fluorescence for assessing the health of emergent marsh vegetation. light induced flourescence, salt marsh, emergent vegetation, plant physiology |
| SALT MARSH PLANT | Evidence for local adaptation along a salinity gradient in a salt marsh perennial. local adaptation, salinity gradient, salt marsh plant, Borrichia frutescens |
| SALT MARSHES | 127 Fifty years of change in Maine salt marsh landscapes: Implications for restoration. salt marshes, restoration, drainage network, landscape change |
| SALT SECRETION | 124 Xylem osmolality and leaf secretion of Avicennia germinans as affected by salinity and drought. mangroves, salt secretion, drought, salinity |
| SALT SPRAY | Salt spray, fire, and water availability: complex interactions in managed coastal heathland plant communities. salt spray, fire, water availability, coastal heathlands |
| SALT TOLERANCE | 112 Germination responses of dimorphic seeds of Halopyrum mucronatum. dormancy, salt tolerance, seed dimorphism |
| SALT TOLERANCE | 159 Effects of interactions between Na2SO4 concentrations and light levels on the growth of Helianthus paradoxus and Helianthus annuus. Helianthus paradoxus, Helianthus annuus, salt tolerance, light levels |
| SALT-MARSH | Interseasonal carryover of a fertilization pulse on populations of an insect herbivore and its predators. herbivory, food web, bottom-up, salt-marsh |
| SALT-SPRAY | 137 Increased death of new leaves of Banksia integrifolia around ocean outfall sites. Banksia integrifolia, salt-spray , sewage, surfactants |
| SALTMARSH | The stability of coastal wetlands depends on the tidal amplitude. saltmarsh, Spartina, sea-level rise, stability |
| SALTMARSH | Organic matter turnover in coastal wetlands: links between macrophyte production, decomposition, nutrient limitation and nutrient cycling. saltmarsh, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, Typha sp. |
| SALVAGE HARVESTING | Preserving an old-growth pine remnant: do two "wrongs" make a "right"? old-growth, restoration ecology, salvage harvesting, CWD |
| SAMPLING | Monitoring vegetation dynamics in a submersed freshwater macrophyte community. macrophytes, vegetation dynamics, sampling |
| SAMPLING AND RISK ASSESSMENT | Contaminants in fish of Illinois inland lakes, 1974-1998. fish contaminants, long-term trend analysis, organochorines and mercury, sampling and risk assessment |
| SAMPLING ERROR | Fitting stochastic metapopulation models to patch occupancy data in the presence of sampling error. metapopulation, maximum likelihood estimation, sampling error |
| SAND PRAIRIE | 57 Determining restoration goals and methods for a degraded sand prairie. restoration, sand prairie |
| SAND SAVANNA | The relationships of the savanna herbaceous layer to gradients in gap size, canopy cover, and soil conditions. sand savanna, herbaceous vegetation, gap size, restoration |
| SANDHILL CRANE | Economic value, biodiversity, and sandhill cranes: Platte River birding. biodiversity, economic value, sandhill crane, contingent valuation |
| SANDHILL ECOLOGY | 61 Fine root demography differs among xeric and mesic adult tree species in a sandhill habitat of southeastern US. fine root demography, fine root death, fine root longevity, Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, Quercus incana, Quercus margaretta, sandhill ecology |
| SANDY LAND | Soil properties of Horqin sandy land in Tongliao of Inner Mongolia, China. desert soil, desertification, sandy land, soil degradation |
| SAP | 151 A test of pitch production in Pinus species used by Yellow-bellied sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus varius) in Northwest Indiana. Sphyrapicus varius, Pinus, pitch, sap |
| SAP FLOW | 91 The impact of extreme climatic events on carbon sequestration of Pinus elliottii: Scaling from leaf to ecosystem. drought, hard freeze, sap flow, eddy covariance |
| SAP FLOW | Relationships between stem diameter and sapwood area for ring- and diffuse-porous tree species. sap flow, sapwood area, transpiration, water use |
| SAP FLOW | Flux and clicks measured on sticks: Stomatal control, cavitation, and water use of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) clones during drought. cavitation, sap flow, Populus trichocarpa, acoustic emissions |
| SAP FLOW | Contrasting seasonal patterns of root and stem sap flow in three tree species in a desert arroyo. sap flow, hydraulic redistribution, diurnal storage capacitance, Chihuahuan Desert |
| SAP FLUX | 45 Xylem sap flow in a northern Utah Juniperus osteosperma. transpiration, water relations, Juniperus osteosperma, sap flux |
| SAP FLUX | Transpiration of Hybrid Poplar in Eastern Washington: Leaf to stand scaling. transpiration, Populus trichocarpa x P.deltoides, sap flux, hydraulic conductance |
| SAP-FLOW | Effects of elevated CO2 on transpiration in Quercus myrtifolia measured in situ in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem. elevated CO2, transpiration, sap-flow , self-shading |
| SAP-FLOW | Management of fire-excluded ponderosa pine stands increases soil water availability. fire-exclusion, Pinus ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii, sap-flow |
| SAPFLOW | 63 An examination of the relationship between sapflow rate and measured stem CO2 efflux in trees. respiration, sapflow |
| SAPFLOW | 65 Canopy transpiration of Jeffrey pine in xeric and mesic microsites. Pinus Jeffreyi, transpiration, canopy, sapflow |
| SAPLING | Sapling stem orientation in relation to growth rate, leaf dimensions and leaf habit. plasticity, sapling, growth, light |
| SAPWOOD AREA | Relationships between stem diameter and sapwood area for ring- and diffuse-porous tree species. sap flow, sapwood area, transpiration, water use |
| SATELLITE | 147 Downed woody material, projected leaf area index, and satellite index relationships in Chihuahuan Desert vegetation. fuels, satellite, cover, PLAI |
| SATELLITE | 89 Biomass Imaging for Research on Carbon and Habitats (BIRCH): a mission concept supporting NASA's Carbon Cycle Initiative. lidar, laser altimetry, satellite, height |
| SATELLITE IMAGERY | Analysis of impervious cover in the Lake Tahoe basin for conservation of natural resources. impervious cover, water quality, satellite imagery, urbanization |
| SATELLITE TRACKING | Magellanic penguin conservation requires large-scale measures. Magellanic penguin, marine zoning, foraging range, satellite tracking |
| SAVANNA | 84 Multivariate effects on species richness in floodplain oak savannas. richness, diversity, savanna, prairie |
| SAVANNA | 83 Patterns of assembly along a toposequence in pine savannas and baygall gallery forests. assembly, gradient, savanna, baygall |
| SAVANNA | 23 Multivariate analysis of floodplain oak savanna community composition. gradient, fire, floodplain, savanna |
| SAVANNA | Vegetation patterns along the Kalahari transect. savanna, spatial pattern, kalahari, competition |
| SAVANNA | Spatial demography of trees in an oak savanna. savanna, fire, spatial pattern, age structure |
| SAVANNA | 45 Effects of disturbance regimes on spatial patterns of vegetation in a mesquite savanna. prosopis glandulosa, spatial pattern, disturbance, savanna |
| SAVANNA ECOSYSTEM | Savanna soils during the first 150 years after village site abandonment. East Africa, savanna ecosystem, soil nitrogen, soil phosphorus |
| SAVANNAS | 102 Interpopulation variation in Trachypogon plumosus (Poaceae): phenology, seed morphology and germination. seed, germination, savannas, neotropics |
| SAVANNAS | 150 Can fire maintain central Texas savannas? Juniperus ashei, fire, savannas |
| SAW PALMETTO | Pollination biology of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens: Palmae) in southwestern Florida. Serenoa repens, saw palmetto, pollination biology |
| SCALE | Diversity, productivity, and scale: a case study of Wisconsin vegetation. productivity, diversity, scale, Wisconsin |
| SCALE | Cross-scale determinants of the Savannah River Site mammalian community, South Carolina. Savannah River Site, scale, landscape indices, mammals |
| SCALE | Are growth, mortality and recruitment predictable in forest community dynamics? community dynamics, forest ecology, predictability, scale |
| SCALE | 117 Assessing the scale of usefulness of regional-scale vegetation maps with ground-based data. vegetation, mapping, accuracy, scale |
| SCALE | Combining multiple sources of heterogeneity: a model of environmental variation and dispersal-induced patterning . pattern formation, scale, dispersal, functional heterogeneity |
| SCALE | 48 Species abundance distributions are not self-similar across spatial scales in aquatic microcosms. abundance, community, scale, self-similarity |
| SCALE | Effects of fire vs. logging on landscape structure in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. scale, landscape metrics, disturbance, Yellowstone |
| SCALE | Spatial extent and ecological processes: Integrating observational and functional scales. spatial extent, landscape ecology, scale |
| SCALE | Consequences of diversity loss on ecosystem functioning: Can we extrapolate to landscape scales? biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, ecosystem services, scale |
| SCALE | Spatio-temporal patterns in population dynamics of the southern pine beetle. spatial synchrony, endogenous and exogenous effects, regional patterns, scale |
| SCALE | Land-use change and bird communities in large-river floodplain forests. birds, land use, floodplain, scale |
| SCALE | Multiscale experiments in estuarine research: Improving realism and advancing theory. scale, mesocosm, extrapolation, estuary |
| SCALE | 25 Testing the scale-dependence of species associations among ferns. ferns, DCA ordination, scale |
| SCALE | Pattern and scale: The behavior of landscape metrics. pattern, scale, landscape analysis, landscape metrics |
| SCALE DEPENDENCY | Validation of a conceptual hierarchical model with data in an oak woodland/annual grassland system: Figuring out where the parts fit. scale dependency, hierarchical models, oak woodland, classification and regression trees |
| SCALE-DEPENDENT | Identifying scale-dependent limitations for the extrapolation of experimental results across time and space. scale-dependent, extrapolation, pelagic model, chlorophyll |
| SCALING | Integrated Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. monitoring, scaling, forests, hydrology |
| SCALING | Invariant global allometric scaling relationships for rates of plant biomass production and plant community structure. scaling, allometry, biomass, species richness |
| SCALING | Statistical mechanics of a continent-wide biological survey. metapopulations, statistical mechanics, scaling, stochastic population models |
| SCALING | 92 New remote sensing procedures for vegetation cover sampling, estimation, spatial extrapolation, and change analysis. ecotone, spatial resolution, scaling, vegetation cover |
| SCALING LAWS | 20 Applying scaling laws to Psychotria: A test of 19 species in a tropical forest . scaling laws, Psychotria, ecophysiological traits |
| SCALING RELATIONSHIPS | Down deadwood biomass of trees is correlated with standing mortality at a regional scale. global change, scaling relationships |
| SCALING UP PLOT MEASUREMENTS | 83 Scaling up estimates of tree biomass from plot measurements of forest inventories to regional domains using a process-based forest ecosystem model . forest biomass, forest inventories, process-based ecosystem model, scaling up plot measurements |
| SCHOOLYARD HABITATS | 9 SchoolYard Science: Student-centered Investigation of Aquatic Ecosystems. student-centered inquiry, schoolyard habitats, long-term ecological research, professional development |
| SCIENCE EDUCATION | Web-based concept maps: a study of a novel application to increase students higher-level thinking skills in science. science education, concept maps, generative learning, java applet |
| SCIENCE EDUCATION | 21 A Month-long Institute on Biodiversity for High School and Middle School Science Teachers. biodiversity, science education, inquiry-based learning, science workshops |
| SCIENCE SUPPORT | Supporting basic research in national parks. national parks, science support, research |
| SCIENCE WORKSHOPS | 21 A Month-long Institute on Biodiversity for High School and Middle School Science Teachers. biodiversity, science education, inquiry-based learning, science workshops |
| SCIENCE-MANAGEMENT RELATIONSHIP | Basic Research- its place in and Contribution to National Parks. objectives hierarchy, strategic adaptive management, science-management relationship |
| SCOLYTIDAE | 32 Condition-dependent habitat selection in Douglas-fir beetles. bark beetle, scolytidae, conspecific attraction, body size |
| SCRUB-OAK | A calibration of three methods for measuring leaf area index in a scrub-oak ecosystem growing in elevated CO2. leaf area index, elevated CO2, scrub-oak |
| SEA TURTLES | Stock analysis for sea turtle populations: Markov Chain Monte Carlo and other methods. markov chain monte carlo, sea turtles, stock analysis, estimation |
| SEA TURTLES | Reversing the decline of sea turtles: Insights from life-history population models . sea turtles, population modeling |
| SEA-LEVEL RISE | The stability of coastal wetlands depends on the tidal amplitude. saltmarsh, Spartina, sea-level rise, stability |
| SEA-LEVEL RISE | Southern wetlands, climate change, and development impacts. wetlands, climate change, carbon dioxide, sea-level rise |
| SEAGRASS | It's not the size of your grass, it's where you plant it: Local adaptation in Chesapeake Bay eelgrass. local adaptation, seagrass, fitness, reciprocal transplant |
| SEAGRASS | 122 Spatial heterogeneity of seagrass beds in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. seagrass, semivariance, fractals, krigging |
| SEASONAL | Modeling the impact of time of first clutch initiation: new directions to an old problem? Warbler, seasonal, modelling, double-brood |
| SEASONAL | 119 Seasonal variation in bacterioplankton community composition in three temperate lakes of diverse trophic condition. bacterioplankton, community, seasonal, autocorrelation |
| SEASONAL CYCLE | Can remote atmospheric 14C measurements tell us the age of ecosystem respiration? decomposition, biome, seasonal cycle, net ecosystem exchange |
| SEASONAL PATTERNS | Seasonal patterns of avian richness and environmental productivity. species richness, birds, productivity, seasonal patterns |
| SEASONAL VARIABILITY | 9 Modeling of forest/atmosphere carbon fluxes in a Colorado subalpine ecosystem. modeling, Net Ecosystem Exchange, subalpine forest, seasonal variability |
| SEASONAL VARIATION | Seasonal variation of top-down, bottom-up, and fire effects in a natural grassland community. trophic interactions, disturbance, seasonal variation, grassland |
| SEASONAL VARIATION IN SOIL SEED BANK DIVERSITY | 50 Seasonal variation in plant community regeneration response to flooding in two hydrologically-connected inland wetlands. soil seed bank response to flooding, flooding effects on wetlands, seasonal variation in soil seed bank diversity, beaver/human disturbance effects in urban wetlands |
| SEASONALITY | Colonisation, dispersal and seasonality: mechanisms influencing the persistence of childhood infections. dispersal, seasonality, persistence, stochasticity |
| SEAWEED | Population regulation in species with complex life cycles. seaweed, Mazzaella flaccida, life cycle, haploid |
| SECOND-GROWTH | Effects of multiple human-induced disturbances of forest composition and nitrogen dynamics in northern hardwood forests. disturbance, old-growth, second-growth, beech bark disease |
| SECONDARY FOREST SUCCESSION | Secondary forest succession in southeastern floodplain forests. southeastern floodplain forest, secondary forest succession, shade-tolerance , tree population dynamics |
| SECONDARY METABOLISM | 27 Spatial variation in anti-herbivore defenses of Pinus. plant defense, secondary metabolism, growth-differentiation balance, plant stress |
| SECONDARY SUCCESSION | 118 Do successional changes in aboveground environmental conditions lead to a parallel succession in soil macrofaunal communities? Soil macrofauna, secondary succession, Cloud Forest, higher taxon diversity |
| SEDGE MEADOW | Effects of seeding and planting techniques on establishment of twenty Carex species in a restored sedge meadow. Carex, wetland restoration, sedge meadow, seed dispersal |
| SEDGE MEADOWS | Competitive suppression of an invasive species: competition for nitrogen between Carex hystericina and Phalaris arundinacea. Phalaris arundinacea, invasive species control, wetland restoration, sedge meadows |
| SEDGES | Physiological response of three riparian sedges to different ground water depths. sedges, ground water table, water relations, gas exchange |
| SEDIMENT | Nutrient dynamics in two tidal freshwater marshes in Virginia. nitrogen, phosphorus, sediment, wetland |
| SEDIMENT RECORDS | 73 Identifying disturbance signatures in small-hollow sediments: the potential for long-term, high-resolution forest history records. paleoecology, disturbance ecology, sediment records, charcoal |
| SEDIMENT TRANSPORT | Effects of dam removal on river form and process. geomorphology, rivers, sediment transport, dam removal |
| SEDIMENTATION | Riparian zone functions: sediment and contaminant trapping and vegetation along the Pocomoke River, Maryland. riparian zone, sedimentation, channelization disturbance, contaminant trapping |
| SEDIMENTATION | 9 Impacts of human-mediated stressors on wetland plant community development. wetland plant community development, disturbance, sedimentation, eutrophication |
| SEED | 102 Interpopulation variation in Trachypogon plumosus (Poaceae): phenology, seed morphology and germination. seed, germination, savannas, neotropics |
| SEED AERODYNAMICS | Long-distance dispersal of tree seeds by wind: the role of vertical wind updrafts. seed dispersal by wind, long-distance dispersal, vertical wind updrafts, seed aerodynamics |
| SEED BANK | 137 Temporal variation of the soil seed bank in an arid thorn scrub community of north-central Chile. seed bank, arid systems, enso, chile |
| SEED BANK | Spatial distribution of seeds in desert grasslands and their potential vulnerability to prescribed burning. seed bank, desert grassland, prescribed burning, restoration |
| SEED BANK | 113 Spread and invasion of Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife): relative effects of seed supply and environmental factors. Lythrum salicaria, invasion of nonindigenous species, seed bank, wetlands |
| SEED BANK | 151 Degradation of the riparian ecosystem of Ramsey Canyon in the Huachuca Mountains of southeastern Arizona. riparian ecosystems, seed bank |
| SEED BANK | Secondary succession along a 42-year chronosequence of restored freshwater marshes. succession, wetland, seed bank, restoration |
| SEED BANK | 69 Comparison of seed bank composition and aboveground vegetation of a restored pasture. seed bank |
| SEED BANK | Contributions of seed dispersal and demography to recruitment limitation in a Costa Rican cloud forest. dispersal limitation, seed bank, seed demography, pioneer plants |
| SEED BANK | Effects of pocket gopher disturbances on seedling establishment on the alpine tundra: seedling and seed bank evidence. alpine ecology, seedling establishment, disturbance, seed bank |
| SEED BANKS | 101 Seed bank persistence and ecological genetics in declining populations from a white campion (Silene latifolia) meta population. seed banks, ecological genetics, meta population, extinction |
| SEED BANKS | 154 Seed bank study of ephemeral wetland ponds. seed banks, ephemeral ponds |
| SEED DEMOGRAPHY | Contributions of seed dispersal and demography to recruitment limitation in a Costa Rican cloud forest. dispersal limitation, seed bank, seed demography, pioneer plants |
| SEED DIMORPHISM | 112 Germination responses of dimorphic seeds of Halopyrum mucronatum. dormancy, salt tolerance, seed dimorphism |
| SEED DISPERSAL | 115 Reproductive ecology of two closely related species of Rhamnus (a widespread and an endemic species): from buds to seedling establishment. western Mediterranean shrubs, pollen limitation, seed dispersal, seedling recruitment |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Does seed predation by introduced rats threaten or enhance recruitment of Pandanus trees in Tonga? seed dispersal, seed predation, polynesia, alien species |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Patterns, processes, and mechanisms of mistletoe distributions: a multiscale approach. mistletoe, seed dispersal, spatial scales, parasite-host interactions |
| SEED DISPERSAL | 23 Influences of historic land-use on a diverse woodland herb flora. woodland herbs, seed dispersal, land-use legacies |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Effects of seeding and planting techniques on establishment of twenty Carex species in a restored sedge meadow. Carex, wetland restoration, sedge meadow, seed dispersal |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Fecundity and dispersal of Sierran conifers. seed dispersal, conifers |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Seed dispersal, species richness, and recruitment of forest plants across a fragmented Michigan landscape. forest fragmentation, seed dispersal, Lindera benzoin, recruitment |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Do ants benefit from a purported seed dispersal mutualism with Datura wrightii? ants, Datura, myrmecochory, seed dispersal |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Relationships among reproductive output, dispersal, and seedling establishment in experimental populations of wild sunflowers. Helianthus annuus, seed dispersal, reproductive output, seedling recruitment |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Seed dispersers, predators, and the maintenance of genetic variation: fruit color polymorphism in Acacia ligulata. Acacia ligulata, maintenance of genetic variation, seed dispersal, seed predation |
| SEED DISPERSAL BY WIND | Long-distance dispersal of tree seeds by wind: the role of vertical wind updrafts. seed dispersal by wind, long-distance dispersal, vertical wind updrafts, seed aerodynamics |
| SEED DISPERSAL SYNDROME | 19 A multidisciplinary approach to understanding the dispersal syndrome of Oaks (Quercus L.): linking behavior of dispersers with seedling establishment and forest structure. seed dispersal syndrome, Quercus L., seedling physiology, disperser behavior |
| SEED DORMANCY | Life history evolution in variable environments: Cole's Paradox revisited. Cole's Paradox, bet-hedging, seed dormancy, stochastic simulation |
| SEED DORMANCY | Dormancy in dimorphic seeds: maternal influence and sibling rivalry. seed dormancy, annual grass, competition, germination |
| SEED ECOLOGY | 16 Comparison of parental and growth condition effects between the invasive annual grass Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens and two native Mojave Desert annual species. invasive species, mojave desert, seed ecology |
| SEED FALL | 29 Effects of harvest intensity and forest cover type on white spruce and paper birch seed fall and regeneration in northwestern Alberta, Canada . white spruce, paper birch, seed fall, germination |
| SEED GERMINATION | Seed bank response after experimental manipulations of Phragmites australis in an inland salt marsh. Phragmites australis, inland salt marsh, halophytes, seed germination |
| SEED GERMINATION | 70 Role of soil seed banks in patch dynamics of Iris lacustris Nutt. Iris lacustris, patch dynamics, seed germination, soil seed bank |
| SEED GERMINATION | 151 Potential effects of spring prescribed burning on Carpenteria californica, a rare shrub of the Sierra Nevada foothills. fire ecology, seed germination, fire management |
| SEED PREDATION | Does seed predation by introduced rats threaten or enhance recruitment of Pandanus trees in Tonga? seed dispersal, seed predation, polynesia, alien species |
| SEED PREDATION | Does human scent bias seed predation studies? seed predation, post-dispersal seed removal, rodents, experimental protocol |
| SEED PREDATION | Effects of an obligate seed parasite on genetic diversity and distribution of Rhizophora mangle populations in the 10,000 Islands archipelago, southwest Florida. seed predation, selective predation, mangrove, metapopulation |
| SEED PREDATION | Tests of the Janzen-Connell and Gap hypotheses in tropical forests in Panama: confirming the predictions of two long-standing hypotheses. tropical forest, herbivory, seed predation, gaps |
| SEED PREDATION | Weeds, bugs, and mice: why two biocontrol insects failed. Centaurea, biological control, seed predation, plant population dynamics |
| SEED PREDATION | Seed dispersers, predators, and the maintenance of genetic variation: fruit color polymorphism in Acacia ligulata. Acacia ligulata, maintenance of genetic variation, seed dispersal, seed predation |
| SEED PRODUCTION | Effects of selective logging on terrestrial mammal and arthropod communities. selective logging, seed production, Peromyscus maniculatus, arthropods |
| SEED PRODUCTION | Nutrient addition increases plant fitness in the desert halophyte, Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Sarcobatus vermiculatus, nitrogen, fitness, seed production |
| SEED QUALITY | 82 The effects of defoliation and maternal nutrient environment on outcome of pair-wise competition in Abutilon theophrasti. seed quality, defoliation, competition, Abutilon theophrasti |
| SEED SHADOW | 72 Fecundity schedules for forest trees. fecundity, seed shadow, allocation |
| SEED SHADOWS | Tapirs as long-distance seed dispersal vectors: implications for the survivorship and spatial distribution of tropical trees. long distance dispersal, tropical tree diversity, seed shadows, tapirs |
| SEED SOURCE | Reproductive role of remnant old-growth trees in mature Douglas-fir forests, southern Washington Cascade Range. ecological succession , old-growth, biological legacies, seed source |
| SEED VIABILITY | Multiple limits to seedling recruitment for an endangered carnivorous plant of Appalachian Mountain sphagnum bogs. Sarracenia jonesii, seed viability, seedling recruitment, habitat management |
| SEED-FALL | 54 The role of seed fall patterns vs. environmental resources in the spatial distribution of tree seedlings. seed-fall, seedling, spatial distribution, limiting resources |
| SEEDBANK | Seedbank viability in disturbed longleaf pine sites. longleaf pine, seedbank, loblolly pine, restoration |
| SEEDING | 62 Comparison of planting strategies in a tallgrass prairie restoration. restoration, prairie, planting, seeding |
| SEEDLING | 54 The role of seed fall patterns vs. environmental resources in the spatial distribution of tree seedlings. seed-fall, seedling, spatial distribution, limiting resources |
| SEEDLING | 139 Shrub encroachment in a protected palm savanna. Responses to fire in three dominant Asteraceae species. Asteraceae, fire , sprouting, seedling |
| SEEDLING | 55 Rapid recovery of witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) by sprouting, following release from deer browsing. recovery from browsing, Hamamelis virginiana, basal sprouting, seedling |
| SEEDLING | Is seedling recruitment limited by disturbance history? biodiversity, seedling, disturbance, grazing |
| SEEDLING BANKS | Effects of hydroperiod on seedling banks within a coastal plain bottomland forest in Southeastern Louisiana. seedling banks, bottomland hardwood forest, hydroperiod, Louisiana |
| SEEDLING DENSITY | Assessing the likely impact of biological control of yellow starthistle: Density manipulation of seedlings. Centaurea solstitialis, knapweed, seedling density, biological control |
| SEEDLING DYNAMICS | Ground-dwelling vertebrates, mycorrhizal fungi and seedling diversity in an Australian tropical rain forest. rain forest, diversity, mycorrhiza, seedling dynamics |
| SEEDLING DYNAMICS | 63 Northern red oak seedling response to community ectomycorrhizal diversity in declining eastern hemlock stands. mycorrhizal community diversity, seedling dynamics, Quercus rubra , Tsuga canadensis |
| SEEDLING EMERGENCE AND SURVIVAL | 114 Sugar Maple and Eastern Hemlock forest dynamics at the seed and seedling stage. Acer saccharum , Tsuga canadensis , patch maintenance, seedling emergence and survival |
| SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT | 125 Drought effects on Lupinus perennis: Implications for prairie plants in future climates. seedling establishment, water stress, genotype by environment interactions, germination |
| SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT | Effects of pocket gopher disturbances on seedling establishment on the alpine tundra: seedling and seed bank evidence. alpine ecology, seedling establishment, disturbance, seed bank |
| SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT | Physical variables affect the location of species of tree seedlings on river point bars. riparian ecology, seedling establishment, primary succession, southeastern floodplain forest |
| SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT | Influence of a dominant palm, Oenocarpus mapora on seedling establishment in a tropical moist forest of Panama. Oenocarpus mapora, seedling establishment, tropical forest, species dominance |
| SEEDLING PHYSIOLOGY | 19 A multidisciplinary approach to understanding the dispersal syndrome of Oaks (Quercus L.): linking behavior of dispersers with seedling establishment and forest structure. seed dispersal syndrome, Quercus L., seedling physiology, disperser behavior |
| SEEDLING RECRUITMENT | 115 Reproductive ecology of two closely related species of Rhamnus (a widespread and an endemic species): from buds to seedling establishment. western Mediterranean shrubs, pollen limitation, seed dispersal, seedling recruitment |
| SEEDLING RECRUITMENT | Multiple limits to seedling recruitment for an endangered carnivorous plant of Appalachian Mountain sphagnum bogs. Sarracenia jonesii, seed viability, seedling recruitment, habitat management |
| SEEDLING RECRUITMENT | Relationships among reproductive output, dispersal, and seedling establishment in experimental populations of wild sunflowers. Helianthus annuus, seed dispersal, reproductive output, seedling recruitment |
| SEEDLING REGENERATION | Seedling regeneration over 35 years in Australian tropical and subtropical rain forests. rain forest, diversity, seedling regeneration, Australia |
| SEEDLING REGENERATION | 8 Relationships between neotropical tree seedling morphology and performance in contrasting environments. tropical rain forest, seedling regeneration, life history traits, French Guiana |
| SEEDLING SURVIVORSHIP | Relative contributions of light conditions and Janzen-Connell processes to seedling survivorship in a Neotropical rainforest. janzen-connell hypothesis, tropical rainforest, seedling survivorship, maximum likelihood |
| SEEDLING SURVIVORSHIP | 143 Combined interaction of summer flooding and shade in the establishment of understory Acer saccharinum seedlings. Mississippi River, flooding, Acer saccharinum, seedling survivorship |
| SEEDLINGS | 104 Effects of summer precipitation on photosynthesis for seedlings of two common Great Basin shrubs. Artemisia tridentata, Purshia tridentata, nurse plants, seedlings |
| SEEDLINGS | 31 Effects of a moderately severe disturbance on the composition and density of woody seedlings in eastern Ontario forests. ice, disturbance, dispersal, seedlings |
| SEEDLINGS | 33 Effects of rainfall regime on seedlings planted into tropical gap and understory microsites. Panama, seedlings, treefall gaps, soil moisture |
| SEEDS | 151 The fate of wild sunflower seeds and its population biology consequences. seeds, wild sunflower, dormancy, litter |
| SEEDS | Understory abundance following logging in northern hardwood forests: the role of seed predation and myrmecochory. myrmecochory, seeds, predation, forest |
| SELECTION | Foraging behavior of the hemiparasitic plant, Rhinanthus minor. host, selection, hemiparasite, Rhinanthus minor |
| SELECTION | Ecological causes of selection for self-pollination in Clarkia xantiana: experimental manipulation of biotic interactions. self-pollination, selection, community interactions , population size |
| SELECTIVE INVADER | What should we look for in an invasive competitor? invasive competitors, selective invader, twin invader |
| SELECTIVE LOGGING | Effects of selective logging on terrestrial mammal and arthropod communities. selective logging, seed production, Peromyscus maniculatus, arthropods |
| SELECTIVE LOGGING | Apparent temporal shifts in stream communities following selective logging. Salvelinus fontinalis, stream community, selective logging, riparian zone |
| SELECTIVE PREDATION | Intralake spread of rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) in northern Wisconsin: Another case of accelerated replacement by a third party? rusty crayfish, exotic species, selective predation, species replacement |
| SELECTIVE PREDATION | Effects of an obligate seed parasite on genetic diversity and distribution of Rhizophora mangle populations in the 10,000 Islands archipelago, southwest Florida. seed predation, selective predation, mangrove, metapopulation |
| SELENIUM | 73 Oviposition, feeding preferences, and survival of Spodoptera exigua on Se-treated alfalfa: Implications for phytoremediation. Spodoptera exigua, selenium, phytoremediation, host-plant choice |
| SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY | Breakdown in self-incompatibility in a weed (Solanum carolinense). mating system, self-incompatibility, plant reproduction, Solanum carolinense |
| SELF-ORGANIZATION | Cluster size distributions: signatures of self-organization in spatial ecologies. individual-based predator-prey models, cluster size distribution, power-law scaling, self-organization |
| SELF-POLLINATION | Ecological causes of selection for self-pollination in Clarkia xantiana: experimental manipulation of biotic interactions. self-pollination, selection, community interactions , population size |
| SELF-SHADING | Effects of elevated CO2 on transpiration in Quercus myrtifolia measured in situ in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem. elevated CO2, transpiration, sap-flow , self-shading |
| SELF-SIMILARITY | 48 Species abundance distributions are not self-similar across spatial scales in aquatic microcosms. abundance, community, scale, self-similarity |
| SELF-SIMILARITY | Testing for self-similarity in a serpentine ecosystem. species-area relationship, range-area relationship, self-similarity, serpentine grasslands |
| SELF/NON-SELF | Self/non-self responses in roots. self/non-self, roots, competition, plasticity |
| SELF/NON-SELF | 145 Directional Self/Non-self Responses in Roots. self/non-self, roots, phenotypic plasticity, plant competition |
| SELFING | The effects of self-pollination and resource addition in wild lupine, Lupinus perennis. selfing, resource, inbreeding depression |
| SEMI-ARID | Landscape changes in the semi-arid steppe of western Colorado: Impacts on winter habitat of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). landscape, change, semi-arid, aerial photography |
| SEMI-ARID | 68 The geochemistry of phosphorus in the histosols of a semi-arid ecosystem, Israel. wetland, semi-arid, Phosphorus, Histosols |
| SEMI-ARID GRASSLANDS | Prescribed fire, monsoon rainfall and arbuscular mycorrhizal influences on erosion processes in semi-arid grasslands. prescribed fire, arbuscular mycorrhizae, erosion, semi-arid grasslands |
| SEMI-ARID SAVANNA | Effect of perennial bunchgrass density and soil rock fragment content on Prosopis velutina size and production. Prosopis velutina, Eragrostis lehmanniana, semi-arid savanna |
| SEMIOCHEMISTRY | Can chemical communication be cryptic? Adaptive responses of herbivores to natural enemies exploiting prey semiochemistry. predator prey interactions, coevolution , semiochemistry, bark beetles |
| SEMIVARIANCE | 122 Spatial heterogeneity of seagrass beds in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. seagrass, semivariance, fractals, krigging |
| SEMIVARIANCE | 93 Using Landsat TM imagery to identify edge effects extent in a Mexican conifer forest. semivariance, edge effects extent, remote sensing, landscape heterogeneity |
| SEMIVARIOGRAMS | An evaluation of neutral and non-neutral landscape models using patch size distributions and semivariograms. neutral landscape models, cellular automata, patch size distributions, semivariograms |
| SENESCENCE | Leaf phenology of saplings growing in the understory of a forest exposed to elevated CO2. longevity, phenology, senescence, survivorship |
| SENESCENT VEGETATION | 22 Ground truthing remotely sensed vegetation parameters for arid land assessment and management. arid land vegetation, vegetation monitoring, remote sensing and vegetation, senescent vegetation |
| SENSING | 84 Stream mapping using a remote control model helicopter. aerial, remote, sensing, mapping |
| SENSING | Thermal remote sensing and the thermodynamics of ecosystem development. thermal, remote, sensing, thermodynamics |
| SENSITIVITY | Statistical implications of taxonomic resolution in assessing aquatic ecosystem disturbances. streams, invertebrates, variability, sensitivity |
| SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS | Quantifying landscape pattern index responses using current land cover data: A case study of the managed forest of Ontario. landscape pattern indicies, spatial resolution, Landsat TM, sensitivity analysis |
| SEQUESTRATION | 60 Carbon sequestration in two restored prairie chronosequences on contrasting soils in southern Wisconsin. prairie, chronosequence, carbon, sequestration |
| SERPENTINE | Serpentine plant metacommunities. metacommunity, plants , serpentine , diversity |
| SERPENTINE | Fire effects on plant diversity in serpentine versus nonserpentine chaparral and grassland. fire, species diversity, productivity, serpentine |
| SERPENTINE | 135 Help or hindrance? the impact of prescribed burning and mound ants on endemic serpentine plants. Cerastium arvense , Arabis lyrata, serpentine, heavy metals |
| SERPENTINE | 116 A comparison of soil chemistry in recovering serpentine grassland and Virginia pine forest . Pinus virginiana, serpentine |
| SERPENTINE | 18 Effect of ant mounds on a serpentine grassland community in Maryland. Arabidopsis lyrata, serpentine |
| SERPENTINE GRASSLAND | The role of resource availability in plant community invasibility. biological invasions, serpentine grassland, resource availability, invasibility |
| SERPENTINE GRASSLANDS | Testing for self-similarity in a serpentine ecosystem. species-area relationship, range-area relationship, self-similarity, serpentine grasslands |
| SERVICE LEARNING | 3 Co-mingling Ecology Education and Service-Learning; An Assessment of Student Recycling Ethics. environmental ethics, service learning, campus ecology, recycling |
| SERVICE LEARNING | Ecological research opportunities in river conservation. river, conservation, service learning, research opportunities |
| SERVICE-LEARNING | 5 In the service of sustainability: incorporating service-learning into college-level environmental studies. service-learning, sustainable cities, education, environmental studies |
| SERVICES | 99 Use of native and non-native trees in urban landscaping: Consideration of ecosystem services. urban, ecosystem, services, landscaping |
| SESTON | Vertical structure of seston food quality and quantity in an oligo-mesotrophic subalpine lake. seston, food quality, zooplankton, diel migration |
| SETTLEMENT | The effect of landscape heterogeneity due to forestry on the settlement patterns of a bark beetle . Polygraphus rufipennis, logging, settlement, landscape |
| SEWAGE | 137 Increased death of new leaves of Banksia integrifolia around ocean outfall sites. Banksia integrifolia, salt-spray , sewage, surfactants |
| SEX RATIO | A test for the effect of contaminants on the sexual development of free-living leopard frogs . northern leopard frog, contaminants, sex ratio, vitellogenin |
| SHADE TOLERANCE | Is shade tolerance a fixed species trait? Evidence for shifting tolerance with herbivory. shade tolerance, succession, fire, herbivory |
| SHADE TOLERANCE | Does shade tolerance change with plant size? A test of tissue and whole plant respiration in deep shade. dark respiration, shade tolerance, low light environments, plant size |
| SHADE TOLERANCE | Temperate woody seedling responses to deep shade plus drought: Testing for a tolerance trade-off. shade tolerance, drought tolerance, plasticity, species-richness |
| SHADE-TOLERANCE | Secondary forest succession in southeastern floodplain forests. southeastern floodplain forest, secondary forest succession, shade-tolerance , tree population dynamics |
| SHADE-TOLERANT TREE SEEDLINGS | 149 Leaf lifespans, herbivory rates, and biomass allocation in Malaysian rain forest tree seedlings. biomass allocation, Borneo, shade-tolerant tree seedlings, tropical rain forest |
| SHADING | Lack of differential plasticity to shading of internodes and petioles with growth habit in Convolvulus arvensis . phenotypic plasticity, shading, climbing plants, Convolvulaceae |
| SHALLOW LAKES | 43 Early warning indicators for sudden ecosystem change: monitoring dominant feedbacks in shallow lakes. early warning indicators, shallow lakes, alternate stable states, feedback loop |
| SHALLOW LAKES | Using subfossil Chironomidae (Diptera) to determine past and present lake conditions in the Northern Niagara Escarpment Region, Ontario, Canada. subfossil chironomids, paleolimnology, shallow lakes, lake management |
| SHORT-TERM APPARENT COMPETITION | Facilitation vs. apparent competition and the establishment of tree seedlings under nurse shrubs in northern Patagonia. indirect interactions between plants, recruitment facilitation, short-term apparent competition, insect herbivory |
| SHRUB | C3 shrub invasion in a C4 grassland: Post-fire responses in resources and shoot growth. shrub, invasion, post-fire, grassland |
| SHRUB INVASION | Recovery dynamics in tallgrass prairie following the removal of an invasive shrub (Cornus drummondii). Cornus drummondii, shrub invasion, succession, tallgrass prairie |
| SHRUB INVASION | Variation and consistency in the strength of shrub-herb competition across natural and experimental moisture gradients. competition, interaction strength, shrub invasion, meadow restoration |
| SHRUB MORPHOLOGY | A quantitative comparison of two extremes in chaparral shrub phenology. Arctostaphylos, Styrax, drought, shrub morphology |
| SHRUB-STEPPE | 88 Influence of climate on plant and soil microbial diversity of a shrub-steppe ecosystem. Biodiversity, climate change, soil microorganisms, shrub-steppe |
| SHRUBS | Effects of pre-fire fuel load manipulation on shrub resprouting 2 and 14 months post-fire in pine savanna. resprouting, fire intensity, pine savanna, shrubs |
| SHRUBS | Effects of ecological restoration treatments on legumes, shrubs and C4 grasses. ponderosa pine, legumes, C4 grasses, shrubs |
| SHRUBSTEPPE | Avian response to prescribed fire in a sagebrush-shrubsteppe ecosystem. prescribed fire, shrubsteppe, songbirds |
| SILICA | Consequences of silica for the performance and guild structure of phytophagous insects. silica, herbivore guilds, quantative defense, community composition |
| SILVERSWORD | Pollination biology of two Maui endemics: potential impacts of alien insects on plant reproduction. silversword, Argentine ant, alien species impacts, pollination |
| SILVICULTURE | 34 Diversity among floras of shelterwood stands in the Green Mountain National Forest, Vermont. inventory, disturbance, silviculture, forest |
| SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS | 81 Fine scale genetic and spatial analysis of old growth eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). Pinus strobus, population genetics, spatial structure, simple sequence repeats |
| SIMPLEX-LATTICE (AXIAL) DESIGN | 111 Multispecies competition among core, intermediate, and satellite species: A new approach. Multispecies competition, core-satellite species hypothesis, simplex-lattice (axial) design, Illinois glades |
| SIMULATION | 77 Simulation of the impact of fire on the location and structure of the Prairie-Forest border in Minnesota. prairie-forest border, fire frequency, simulation, LANDIS |
| SIMULATION | Potential persistence of American wildcelery and sago pondweed in Peoria Lake, Illinois. aquatic, macrophytes, light, simulation |
| SIMULATION | Short-term prediction of transpiration from managed forests in northern Wisconsin. evapotranspiration, managed forests, simulation, predictive uncertainty |
| SIMULATION | 109 Simulation test of mechanisms shaping the differential response of two generalist predators to landscape fragmentation. habitat fragmentation, simulation, landscape, spiders |
| SIMULATION MODEL | 26 Dynamic simulation of litter decomposition. decomposition, forest litter, simulation model, elevated CO2 |
| SIMULATIONS OF SEEDS DISPERSAL | A Large-Eddy / Lagrangian Dispersion model to study long-distance dispersal of tree seeds. long-distance dispersal of seeds, simulations of seeds dispersal, turbulence in and above tree canopies |
| SINCE THE LAST GALCIAL | Dark and light taiga history since the last glacial around Lake Baikal. Lake Baikal, Taiga, permafrost, since the last galcial |
| SINK | One insect and two invertases: the mechanisms and function of sink strength in galls. gall, sink, invertase, aphid |
| SITE FIDELITY | Decision rules for Prothonotary Warblers: the influence of nesting success on site fidelity. site fidelity, decision rules, prothonotary warbler, nest predation |
| SITE FIDELITY | Conspecific attraction and site fidelity as a proximate cause of area effects in migratory birds. conspecific attraction, site fidelity, area effects, habitat selection |
| SITE FIDELITY | Spatial segregation, life history variation and genetic differentiation in trophically dimorphic pumpkinseed sunfish populations. sunfish, trophic polymorphism, reproductive isolation, site fidelity |
| SIZE EFFICIENCY HYPOTHESIS | The determinants of Daphnia dominance in fishless ponds: assessing temporal and spatial variation in competitor and predator effects. Daphnia, size efficiency hypothesis, competition, predation |
| SIZE STRUCTURE | Life history consequences of size-specific interactions in the Arizona tiger salamander. life history, intraspecific interactions, size structure |
| SIZE-STRUCTURE | Foraging capacity and resource synchronisation in an ontogenetic diet switcher, pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca). ontogenetic diet shift, size-structure, piscivory, planktivory |
| SIZE-STRUCTURE | Size-structured predation, relative growth rates and recruitment potential of largemouth bass. size-structure, predation, recruitment, largemouth bass |
| SKEWED RESPONSES | Continuum theory revisited: what shape are species responses along ecological gradients? response curve, HOF models, skewed responses, beta function models |
| SKEWNESS | Grabbing a whale by its tail: The influence of the extreme right-tail of the distribution on population estimates of the Alaskan bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus). monitoring, population dynamics, statistics, skewness |
| SLASH | Burning slash has no long-term effect on AM inoculum potential but does affect quality of revegetation. AM mycorrhizae, slash, fire |
| SLASH PINE | 147 Net exchange of carbon dioxide, water, and energy for a mature uneven-aged pine flatwoods forest. carbon exchange, latent energy , slash pine, eddy covariance |
| SMALL-SCALE GOLD MINING | Do international gold prices drive the Amazon gold rush? An economic analysis. amazon, small-scale gold mining, social-ecological interactions, ecological economics |
| SNOW | Climate change and moose: Availability and quality of winter forage. moose, climate change, herbivory, snow |
| SNOWMELT | 56 Watershed chemical export during snowmelt, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado. nutrient cycling, biogeochemistry, snowmelt, snowpack |
| SNOWPACK | 56 Watershed chemical export during snowmelt, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado. nutrient cycling, biogeochemistry, snowmelt, snowpack |
| SOCIAL DOMINANCE | Locomotor performance and social dominance in male Anolis cristatellus (Reptilia: Sauria). Anolis cristatellus, locomotor physiology, social dominance, field behavior |
| SOCIAL MECHANISMS FOR RESILIENCE | Power and social mechanisms for building resilience: lessons from Mexico. resilience, social mechanisms for resilience, power dynamics and social mechanisms, social systems and ecosystems |
| SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND ECOSYSTEMS | Power and social mechanisms for building resilience: lessons from Mexico. resilience, social mechanisms for resilience, power dynamics and social mechanisms, social systems and ecosystems |
| SOCIAL VALUES | Presenting pluralism: ecological and social assessments of ecosystem health in south-eastern Australia. ecosystem health, landscape assessment, social values |
| SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS | Do international gold prices drive the Amazon gold rush? An economic analysis. amazon, small-scale gold mining, social-ecological interactions, ecological economics |
| SOCIOECONOMIC | Avian species diversity is correlated with neighborhood socioeconomic status in urban parks. parks, biodiversity, socioeconomic, birds |
| SOCKEYE SALMON | Effect of incident light on the diel vertical migration of juvenile sockeye salmon in Alaska lakes. diel vertical migration, sockeye salmon, light, predator-prey |
| SODA-LIME METHOD | Soil carbon loss along a climate and forest type gradient in the Rocky Mountains. soil carbon efflux, climate change, soda-lime method, ecosystem feedbacks |
| SOIL | Biotic versus abiotic controls on P availability in soils of Hawaiian wet tropical forests. phosphorus, soil , sorption, microbe |
| SOIL | 55 Increasing carbon and nitrogen in Mount St. Helens pyroclastic soil: measuring soil quality and function after 20 years. mount st. helens, soil , carbon, nitrogen |
| SOIL | 32 Soil 15N abundance and Vegetation change in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela . soil , 15N, vegetation, change |
| SOIL CO2 | 142 Soil CO2 efflux and profile concentration in response to irrigation and fertilization in a 16-year old loblolly pine stand. loblolly pine, soil CO2 |
| SOIL CO2 EFFLUX | 20 Soil CO2 efflux, soil organic matter and root development in newly planted loblolly pine plantations. soil CO2 efflux, soil respiration, soil carbon, loblolly pine |
| SOIL | Effects of climate and soil on root systems of grasses. roots, grasslands, climate, soil |
| SOIL | Soil heterogeneity changes over forest succession: Quantification using univariate and geostatistical procedures. soil, heterogeniety, succession, nutrient |
| SOIL | 95 Carbon pool in urban and agricultural land use types in a Sonoran desert ecosystem. urbanization, Arizona, carbon pools, soil |
| SOIL | 25 Water soluble OC and low-temperature respiration of carbon dioxide from soils of arctic Alaska. winter, respiration, soil, carbon |
| SOIL | Toxicity factors in acidic forest soils. Implications for tolerance mechanisms. aluminum, calcium, forest, soil |
| SOIL | Indications of increasing soil C storage under elevated CO2 and O3. CO2, O3, C, soil |
| SOIL | 54 Nitrogen additions and freeze-thaw events influence Nitrogen cycling in the boreal forest. boreal, soil, N-cycling, microbial |
| SOIL | Root and "root-free" soil respiration response to soil temperature in Alaskan Black spruce forests. soil, respiration, carbon, root |
| SOIL ACIDIFICATION | 134 Soil acidification following burning of pine plantations, Sierra Nevada, Spain. soil acidification, pine plantation, chemical weathering, vegetation conversion |
| SOIL AGE GRADIENT | 83 Phosphatase activity along an alpine age and nutrient gradient. phosphatase, phosphorus availability, soil age gradient, Niwot Ridge |
| SOIL AMENDMENTS | Management effects on soil microbial biomass and the microbial community structure. microbial biomass, microbial community structure, tillage, soil amendments |
| SOIL BIOTA | Approaches to modeling soil biota to predict the impacts of global change at the ecosystem level. soil biota, modeling, global change, ecosystem |
| SOIL CALCIUM | 2 Landscape variation in forest communities is associated with soil calcium and nitrogen availability. soil nitrogen, soil calcium, species composition, productivity |
| SOIL CARBON | Litter production, decomposition, and carbon and nitrogen dynamics along a wet tropical elevation gradient. climate, temperature, soil carbon, nitrogen cycling |
| SOIL CARBON | Soil carbon dynamics in a forest under free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE). soil carbon, FACE experiment, stable isotopes, particulate organic matter |
| SOIL CARBON | Carbon saturation in soil fractions: How can it occur? soil carbon, soil organic matter, soil texture |
| SOIL CARBON | 20 Soil CO2 efflux, soil organic matter and root development in newly planted loblolly pine plantations. soil CO2 efflux, soil respiration, soil carbon, loblolly pine |
| SOIL CARBON | 48 Carbon dynamics of belowground systems in Pacific Northwest coniferous forests. CO2, soil carbon, soil respiration, forest floor |
| SOIL CARBON DYNAMICS | Modeling the carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska . Fire disturbance, soil carbon dynamics, soil respiration, soil thermal dynamics |
| SOIL CARBON EFFLUX | Soil carbon loss along a climate and forest type gradient in the Rocky Mountains. soil carbon efflux, climate change, soda-lime method, ecosystem feedbacks |
| SOIL CHARCOAL | 78 Landuse signatures by prehistoric human populations in an old growth rainforest. soil charcoal, soil phosphorus, neotropical rainforest, human activity |
| SOIL CHRONOSEQUENCE | Polyphenols in tropical rainforest litter. polyphenols, soil nutrient availability, leaf and fine root litter, soil chronosequence |
| SOIL COMMUNITY | Impact of soil communities on native and exotic plants in southern California. exotic, invasion, AM fungi, soil community |
| SOIL DEGRADATION | Soil properties of Horqin sandy land in Tongliao of Inner Mongolia, China. desert soil, desertification, sandy land, soil degradation |
| SOIL DEPTH | 67 Establishment of a native invasive shrub Prosopis glandulosa on grasslands with contrasting grazing histories. prosopis glandulosa, establishment, survival, soil depth |
| SOIL DEVELOPMENT | A Diatom and pollen record from Catfish Pond, Illinois. paleolimnology, diatoms, pollen, soil development |
| SOIL DEVELOPMENT | 80 Wet prairie vegetation and soil development on the Mount Saint John (MEEC) prairie restoration. restoration, soil development, succession, wet prairie |
| SOIL DISTURBANCE | The role of soil disturbances in the persistence of two endangered plants, central coastal California. endangered plants, soil disturbance, exotic plants |
| SOIL DISTURBANCE | 32 Rates of windthrow-caused soil disturbance inferred from soil charcoal radiocarbon dates. forest windthrow, soil disturbance, forest dynamics, canopy gaps |
| SOIL DISTURBANCE | 73 Carolina Bay restoration: vegetation assessment of Lost Lake after 9 years. Carolina Bay, revegetation, soil disturbance, wetland restoration |
| SOIL ECOLOGY | Consequences of Long-term conservation practise in trophic structure of agro-ecosystems. agro-ecosystem, soil ecology, decomposition, conservation |
| SOIL ECOLOGY | The effects of chronic N deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an Acer saccharum forest. extracellular enzyme activity , nitrogen deposition, soil ecology, decomposition |
| SOIL ECOLOGY | 92 Urban environmental effects on leaf litter decomposition in the southern Appalachians. decomposition, urban ecology, southern Appalachians, soil ecology |
| SOIL ECOLOGY | Underground competition for insect hosts between the fungus Beauveria bassiana and the nematode Heterorhabditis marelatus. Beauveria, Heterorhabditis, trophic complexity, soil ecology |
| SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITY | Is prescribed fire effective in restoring eastern forest soils under heavy atmospheric N loading? restoration, deciduous forest, N mineralization, soil enzyme activity |
| SOIL ENZYMES | 125 Analysis of soil microbial activity at three spatial scales in an Ohio deciduous forest landscape. soil enzymes, microbial activity, landscape, forest |
| SOIL EROSION | Remote sensing of soil erosion for monitoring the ecological integrity of rangelands. soil erosion, soil stability index, remote sensing, timeseries |
| SOIL FUNGAL COMMUNITY | 123 Microarthropods and fungal competition: A story from Eastern Oregon’s ponderosa pine forest soils. microarthropod, soil fungal community, grazing, competition |
| SOIL HEALTH | Microbiological indicators for monitoring changes in soil sustainability and quality. soil quality, soil health, microbial indicators, minimal data set |
| SOIL INFLUENCES | Mixed-litter decomposition on calcareous and acidic soils in NW Connecticut. mixed-litter decomposition, soil influences, leaf-litter decomposition |
| SOIL INVERTEBRATES | Diversity and dynamics of soil invertebrates in urban forests. soil invertebrates, urban forests, introduced species, detritivores |
| SOIL MICROBES | Vernal nutrient retention by ground-layer vegetation and soil microbes in a Catskill northern hardwood forest. vernal-dam hypothesis, herbaceous plants, soil microbes , northern hardwood forest |
| SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES | 12 Effects of synthetic and organic soil fertility amendments on the incidence of southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii , and the abundance of soil microbial and nematode communities in conventional and organic agroecosystems. Organic agriculture, soil microbial communities, plant disease |
| SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY | Plant species, not short- or long-term nitrogen fertilization, determine soil microbial biomass. soil microbial community, microbial biomass, respiration rates, nitrogen |
| SOIL MICROBIAL DIVERSITY | Identification of Bacteria that respond to glutamate amendment in high elevation gravel soils. soil microbial diversity, community shift, carbon addition |
| SOIL MICROBIAL ECOLOGY | The role of plant species in the structure and function of soil microbial communities: An experimental evaluation. soil microbial ecology, plant-microbe interactions, ecosystem function, phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) |
| SOIL MICROBIAL PROCESSES | Precipitation versus nutrient availability; what is more important in regulating diversity patterns in an African grassland/savanna? Serengeti grasslands, precipitation gradients, soil microbial processes, primary production |
| SOIL MICROORGANISMS | 88 Influence of climate on plant and soil microbial diversity of a shrub-steppe ecosystem. Biodiversity, climate change, soil microorganisms, shrub-steppe |
| SOIL MOISTURE | 127 Response of soil respiration to watering treatment in tallgrass prairie. soil respiration, soil moisture, Tallgrass prairie, exponential equation |
| SOIL MOISTURE | Plant growth-form effects on the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil moisture. heterogeneity, soil moisture, temporal, spatial |
| SOIL MOISTURE | Seasonal and inter-annual variation in canopy foliage area of tropical rain forest in Costa Rica under ENSO and La Niña climate regimes. drought, rainforest, soil moisture |
| SOIL MOISTURE | 24 Spatial and temporal variation of soil respiration in a pinyon-juniper woodland. soil moisture, soil temperature, CO2 efflux |
| SOIL MOISTURE | 33 Effects of rainfall regime on seedlings planted into tropical gap and understory microsites. Panama, seedlings, treefall gaps, soil moisture |
| SOIL MOISTURE | 93 Elevated CO2 does not conserve soil moisture in the Mojave Desert. elevated CO2, Mojave Desert, soil moisture |
| SOIL MOUNDS | 17 Black-tailed prairie dog mounds: Do they contribute to plant species diversity? black-tailed prairie dog, disturbance, plant diversity, soil mounds |
| SOIL NEMATODES | Nematodes from Konza tallgrass prairie: Rich diversity in a temperate ecosystem. soil nematodes, diversity, tallgrass prairie |
| SOIL NITROGEN | Spatial variability in soil nitrogen (N) dynamics in N-treated and untreated watersheds of Fernow Experimental Forest, WV. nitrogen saturation, soil nitrogen, central Appalachian hardwood forests |
| SOIL NITROGEN | Savanna soils during the first 150 years after village site abandonment. East Africa, savanna ecosystem, soil nitrogen, soil phosphorus |
| SOIL NITROGEN | 2 Landscape variation in forest communities is associated with soil calcium and nitrogen availability. soil nitrogen, soil calcium, species composition, productivity |
| SOIL NITROGEN DYNAMICS | Herb layer response to seasonal soil nitrogen dynamics in managed and mature oak forests of southeastern Ohio. eastern deciduous forest, understory diversity, soil nitrogen dynamics, clearcut harvesting |
| SOIL NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY | Polyphenols in tropical rainforest litter. polyphenols, soil nutrient availability, leaf and fine root litter, soil chronosequence |
| SOIL NUTRIENTS | Peak fire temperatures and short-term ecological effects in the Mojave Desert. annual plants, soil nutrients, disturbance ecology, invasive species |
| SOIL NUTRIENTS | Regional patterns in plant species richness. species richness, Ellenberg indicator values, productivity, soil nutrients |
| SOIL NUTRIENTS | Nutrient biogeochemistry of mangroves among hydrologic basins in two oceanic islands of Micronesia. mangroves, nutrient biogeochemistry, geomorphology, soil nutrients |
| SOIL ORGANIC CARBON | 144 The effects of agricultural management practices on soil organic C pools and fluxes. soil organic carbon, carbon sequestration, agriculture |
| SOIL ORGANIC MATTER | Detrital controls on SOM and nutrient dynamics in an old-growth forest soil. soil organic matter, soil solution chemistry, dissolved organic carbon, gross N transformations |
| SOIL ORGANIC MATTER | From plant to soil organic matter: 14 C Tracing of carbon in arctic tundra soils. carbon cycling, decomposition, soil organic matter, microbial biomass |
| SOIL ORGANIC MATTER | Characteristics of dissolved organic matter and its stabilization in forest soil. dissolved organic matter, soil solution chemistry, abiotic adsorption, soil organic matter |
| SOIL ORGANIC MATTER | Organic matter accumulation and turnover in Dry Valley soils of Antarctica. soil organic matter, soil respiration , extreme environments, Antarctic Dry Valleys |
| SOIL ORGANIC MATTER | Carbon saturation in soil fractions: How can it occur? soil carbon, soil organic matter, soil texture |
| SOIL ORGANIC MATTER DYNAMICS | Species and management effects on soil carbon dynamics in experimental tropical ecosystems. soil organic matter dynamics, particulate organic matter, tropical carbon cycling, species effects |
| SOIL PH | Effects of resource availability and soil pH on the growth of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii). Berberis thunbergii, invasions, soil pH, resource availability |
| SOIL PATHOGENS | Distance-dependent effects of soil pathogens on Prunus serotina seedling growth . soil pathogens, Prunus serotina , distance-denpendent growth |
| SOIL PHOSPHORUS | 78 Landuse signatures by prehistoric human populations in an old growth rainforest. soil charcoal, soil phosphorus, neotropical rainforest, human activity |
| SOIL PHOSPHORUS | Savanna soils during the first 150 years after village site abandonment. East Africa, savanna ecosystem, soil nitrogen, soil phosphorus |
| SOIL POLLUTION | 7 A laboratory exercise using a standardized soil ecotoxicological test. ecotoxicology, Eisenia fetida, soil pollution, LC50 |
| SOIL PROPERTIES | Species effects on soil properties across the landscape I: Texture, pH and exchangeable cations. species effects, soil properties, cation cycling, landscape |
| SOIL PROPERTIES | Livestock grazing in arid and semi-arid grasslands: resilient plant communities and sensitive soil properties. grasslands, grazing, plant communities, soil properties |
| SOIL QUALITY | Microbiological indicators for monitoring changes in soil sustainability and quality. soil quality, soil health, microbial indicators, minimal data set |
| SOIL QUALITY | 130 Ecological evaluation of soil quality in South Sinai, Egypt. South Sinai, soil quality, landform, water availability |
| SOIL QUALITY | Soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in ancient grazing lands. nutrient cycling, patch dynamics, grazing, soil quality |
| SOIL RESOURCE HETEROGENEITY | Effects of resource heterogeneity, seed addition and disturbance on seedling recruitment in a prairie savanna. plant community diversity, soil resource heterogeneity, dispersal limitation, disturbance |
| SOIL RESOURCES | The influence of the soil environment on Pinus palustris fine root dynamics. Pinus palustris, fine root demography, soil resources, nitrogen mineralization |
| SOIL RESOURCES | Tree seedling recruitment across a landscape fertility gradient. masting, dispersal, reproductive output, soil resources |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | Organic matter accumulation and turnover in Dry Valley soils of Antarctica. soil organic matter, soil respiration , extreme environments, Antarctic Dry Valleys |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | 29 Land-use change and soil C and N concentrations, soil respiration, and N availability. land-use change, soil respiration, N availability, carbon |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | 19 Response of soil carbon mineralization to moisture pulses under sagebrush, cheatgrass, and crested wheatgrass vegetation in the Great Basin, Utah. Agropyron desertorum, Artemisia tridentata, Bromus tectorum, soil respiration |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | 20 Soil CO2 efflux, soil organic matter and root development in newly planted loblolly pine plantations. soil CO2 efflux, soil respiration, soil carbon, loblolly pine |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | 145 Fire has mixed effects on decomposition in boreal forests of interior Alaska. carbon balance, soil respiration |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | 48 Carbon dynamics of belowground systems in Pacific Northwest coniferous forests. CO2, soil carbon, soil respiration, forest floor |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | 94 Increased soil respiration under elevated CO2 at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility. soil respiration, FACE, elevated CO2, Mojave |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | Effect of increasing soil temperature on below ground CO2 efflux: A large scale controlled system perspective. below ground CO2 efflux, soil respiration, system level measurements |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | Modeling the carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska . Fire disturbance, soil carbon dynamics, soil respiration, soil thermal dynamics |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | 127 Response of soil respiration to watering treatment in tallgrass prairie. soil respiration, soil moisture, Tallgrass prairie, exponential equation |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | On the topoclimatic and bottom-up modeling approaches in a rugged mixed-hardwood forest. topoclimatic model, bottum-up approach, soil respiration, environmental variables |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | 128 Factors governing soil respiration in three hardwood forests of Korea. soil respiration, soil temperature, C:N ratio, Q10 value |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in interior Alaska following land-use change. decomposition, soil respiration, boreal forest, climate change |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | 89 Linking root and microbial biomass to soil respiration rate in a high-altitude coniferous forest. soil respiration, root biomass, microbial biomass, subalpine forest soil |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | Temperature and moisture dependency of soil respiration in six temperate forests. soil respiration, temperate forest, temperature dependency, summer drought |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | The radiocarbon signature of soil respiration following fire in Alaskan boreal forest: does disturbance release old soil carbon to the atmosphere? carbon, soil respiration, radiocarbon, fire |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | 23 Soil CO2 efflux along a diverse temperature and moisture gradient in Olympic National Park, Washington. soil respiration, pseudotsuga menziesii, elevation, aspect |
| SOIL SEED BANK | 70 Role of soil seed banks in patch dynamics of Iris lacustris Nutt. Iris lacustris, patch dynamics, seed germination, soil seed bank |
| SOIL SEED BANK RESPONSE TO FLOODING | 50 Seasonal variation in plant community regeneration response to flooding in two hydrologically-connected inland wetlands. soil seed bank response to flooding, flooding effects on wetlands, seasonal variation in soil seed bank diversity, beaver/human disturbance effects in urban wetlands |
| SOIL SOLUTION CHEMISTRY | Detrital controls on SOM and nutrient dynamics in an old-growth forest soil. soil organic matter, soil solution chemistry, dissolved organic carbon, gross N transformations |
| SOIL SOLUTION CHEMISTRY | Characteristics of dissolved organic matter and its stabilization in forest soil. dissolved organic matter, soil solution chemistry, abiotic adsorption, soil organic matter |
| SOIL SOLUTION CHEMISTRY | Coarse woody debris may influence soil chemistry and direct pedogenesis towards podzolization in the Oregon Cascades. coarse woody debris, dissolved organic matter, soil solution chemistry, podzolization |
| SOIL STABILITY INDEX | Remote sensing of soil erosion for monitoring the ecological integrity of rangelands. soil erosion, soil stability index, remote sensing, timeseries |
| SOIL SURFACE CO2 FLUX | 100 Soil surface CO2 flux in boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. soil surface CO2 flux, fire, boreal forest, chronosequence |
| SOIL TEMPERATURE | 7 Modelling photosynthesis under different soil temperatures. boreal forest, coupled photosynthesis-stomatal condutance model, gas exchange model, soil temperature |
| SOIL TEMPERATURE | 128 Factors governing soil respiration in three hardwood forests of Korea. soil respiration, soil temperature, C:N ratio, Q10 value |
| SOIL TEMPERATURE | 24 Spatial and temporal variation of soil respiration in a pinyon-juniper woodland. soil moisture, soil temperature, CO2 efflux |
| SOIL TEMPERATURES | 5 Plant responses to high soil temperatures in geothermal areas of Yellowstone National Park. geothermal, heat stress, soil temperatures, multiple stresses |
| SOIL TEXTURE | Carbon saturation in soil fractions: How can it occur? soil carbon, soil organic matter, soil texture |
| SOIL TEXTURES | 124 Positionary effects on soil texture, nutrients, and plant productivity in a Nebraska sandhills prairie. ecosystem ecology, nitrogen mineralization rates, plant productivity, soil textures |
| SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS | Modeling the carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska . Fire disturbance, soil carbon dynamics, soil respiration, soil thermal dynamics |
| SOIL WATER AVAILABILITY | Effects of thinning on the carbon isotope signatures of Larix occidentalis (Nutt.). soil water availability, carbon isotope discrimination, restoration management, western larch |
| SOIL WATER DYNAMICS | 44 Water dynamics in four water-limited plant communities. soil water dynamics, hdyraulic redistribution, redistribution of rainfall, steppeland plant communities |
| SOIL WATER LEACHATE | 146 Prescribed fire effects on nutrient losses via leaching and volatilization along glade-forest ecotonal boundary. fire ecology, nutrient cycling, volatilization, soil water leachate |
| SOILS | Arbuscular mycorrhizae and restoration of disturbed soils: structure of hyphae and non-nutritional roles. restoration, arbuscular mycorrhizae, soils |
| SOILS | 50 Do nitrogen budgets explain soil nitrogen mineralization rate differences between oak-pine and northern hardwood stands? nitrogen, mineralization, soils, budgets |
| SOILS | Soil variability along the middle Rio Grande floodplain related to vegetation type and flood frequency. soils, riparian forest, Tamarix, floodplain |
| SOILS | Effects of CO2 and O3 enrichment on microbial metabolism of 13C-labeled compounds in forest soils. PLFA, O3 , CO2 , soils |
| SOILS | 139 Land use threats to California soils. soils, conservation |
| SOILWATER | The effect of earthworm invasion on nutrient availability and loss in a northern hardwood forest: A lysimetry study. soilwater, earthworms, nitrogen, phosphorus |
| SOLAR RADIATION | 131 Topographic influences on solar radiation at landscape scales. solar radiation, topography, landscape ecology, insolation |
| SOLENOPSIS | Exotic ant meets native mutualism: Solenopsis wagneri and the insectary - plant Catalpa bignonioides (Bignoniaceae). mutualism , catalpa , solenopsis, nectary |
| SOLUTE TRACERS | Linking wetland water sources, hydroperiod, and plant species across a hydrologic gradient in Michigan wetlands. hydrology, solute tracers, plant indicator species |
| SONGBIRD CONSERVATION | 32 An edge effect at the landscape scale: reproductive consequences of commuting by Brown-headed Cowbirds. edge effects, avian bood parasitism, Brown-headed Cowbird, songbird conservation |
| SONGBIRDS | Avian response to prescribed fire in a sagebrush-shrubsteppe ecosystem. prescribed fire, shrubsteppe, songbirds |
| SONGBIRDS | Are riparian forests unique? Boreal mixedwood riparian forest structure, small mammals, amphibians, and songbirds. boreal mixedwood riparian forest, amphibians, mammals, songbirds |
| SORPTION | Biotic versus abiotic controls on P availability in soils of Hawaiian wet tropical forests. phosphorus, soil , sorption, microbe |
| SORPTION | Dissolved organic matter and corresponding sorption capacity of lodgepole pine and trembling aspen soils. dissolved organic matter, Pinus contorta, Populus tremuloides, sorption |
| SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS | 66 Source-sink dynamics and physiological variation among invading populations of garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata . source-sink dynamics, invasive species, ecophysiology |
| SOUTHEASTERN FLOODPLAIN FOREST | Secondary forest succession in southeastern floodplain forests. southeastern floodplain forest, secondary forest succession, shade-tolerance , tree population dynamics |
| SOUTHEASTERN FLOODPLAIN FOREST | Physical variables affect the location of species of tree seedlings on river point bars. riparian ecology, seedling establishment, primary succession, southeastern floodplain forest |
| SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS | Using hyperdocuments for knowledge management: An intelligent encyclopedia of southern Appalachian oak forests. southern Appalachians, knowledge management, decision support tools, oak |
| SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS | 92 Urban environmental effects on leaf litter decomposition in the southern Appalachians. decomposition, urban ecology, southern Appalachians, soil ecology |
| SOUTHERN MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST | Tree-population responses to hurricane disturbance in an old-growth Southern Mixed Hardwood Forest. hurricane, tree-population response syndrome, long-term data, southern mixed hardwood forest |
| SOUTHERN WISCONSIN | A spatially explicit model to assess environmental constraints on historic tree distributions across southern Wisconsin. u.s. general land office surveys, southern wisconsin, fire disturbance, large-scale ecological model |
| SOYBEAN | Does UV-B radiation alter water use efficiency in soybean? UV-B radiation, water use efficiency, drought tolerance, soybean |
| SPACE | How to manage a metapopulation. optimization, metapopulation, conservation, space |
| SPACE MISSION | 9 The evaluation of potential media for use in peanut germination for space missions. germination medium, peanut, space mission |
| SPACE-TIME ANALYSIS | 86 Spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation and precipitation in the Nebraska Sand Hills. NDVI, space-time analysis, landscape ecology, grasslands |
| SPATIAL | Plant growth-form effects on the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil moisture. heterogeneity, soil moisture, temporal, spatial |
| SPATIAL | Spatial-temporal variation of leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground net primary productivity (NPPA ) of a northern Wisconsin forested landscape. leaf area index, net primary productivity, spatial, geostatistics |
| SPATIAL | Spatial simulation of Lake States forest landscape change: climate warming, disturbance change, and management . spatial, modeling, temperate, forest |
| SPATIAL ANALYSES | Synthesis of social and ecological approaches for the spatial analyses of human ecosystems, with examples from Phoenix, Arizona and Baltimore, Maryland. urban geography, spatial analyses, human ecosystem |
| SPATIAL ANALYSES | Disproportionality of social and biophysical processes in agriculture. human ecosystem, spatial analyses, agriculture |
| SPATIAL ANALYSIS | Past and present spatial structure of Sierra mixed-conifer forest. mixed conifer, fire suppression, stand structure, spatial analysis |
| SPATIAL ANALYSIS | A GIS-based approach for assessing conservation status of genetic diversity at a regional scale. genetic diversity, conservation , GIS, spatial analysis |
| SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION | Using life-table resonse experiments to quantify herbivore and pollinator influences on plant population dynamics. life-table resonse experiment , demography, interspecific interactions, spatial and temporal variation |
| SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION | Spatial scaling of Everglades aquatic macroinvertebrates. Everglades, periphyton, invertebrates, spatial autocorrelation |
| SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION IN PLANT COMMUNITIES | Modeling of spatial dependence in heterogeneous landscapes. spatial autocorrelation in plant communities, environmental heterogeneity vs. dispersal, trend vs. autocorrelation vs. cross-correlation, variance test of species richness |
| SPATIAL COMPETITION | 109 Effects of competition and N addition on plant zonation in a Mississippi salt marsh. preemption, spatial competition, Spartina alterniflora, Juncus roemerianus |
| SPATIAL CONFIGURATION | Quantifying the effects of spatial configuration on Newfoundland marten (Martes americana atrata) habitat quality. Martes americana, habitat models, spatial configuration |
| SPATIAL CONTROL | Spatial optimization in ecological applications. linear programming, reaction-diffusion models, spatial control, proximity relationships |
| SPATIAL DISPERSION | Changes in spatial dispersion of migratory shorebirds: cause for management concern? migratory shorebirds, spatial dispersion, habitat-based guilds, multi-species management |
| SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION | 54 The role of seed fall patterns vs. environmental resources in the spatial distribution of tree seedlings. seed-fall, seedling, spatial distribution, limiting resources |
| SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION | Spatial distribution patterns of tropical trees . tropical forest, spatial distribution, moran's I, Ivory Coast |
| SPATIAL DYNAMICS | Spatial dynamics of bird communities in a "resource-mosaic" landscape . birds, spatial dynamics, patchy landscapes, resource distribution |
| SPATIAL DYNAMICS | Predicting the spatial dynamics of infectious diseases: raccoon rabies as a model system. infectious diseases, spatial dynamics, rabies |
| SPATIAL ECOLOGY | 25 Habitat fragmentation and the distribution of the risk of parasitism. spatial ecology, aggregation, host-parasitoid stability, metapopulation |
| SPATIAL ECOLOGY | Characterizing the spatial interaction of the wheat stem sawfly with weedy and crop hosts. wheat stem sawfly, spatial ecology, insect-plant interactions, wild oat |
| SPATIAL ECOLOGY | Theoretical explorations of the evolution of long-distance dispersal. dispersal, moment methods, adaptive dynamics, spatial ecology |
| SPATIAL EXTENT | On the geometry of scale. spatial scale, species richness, fractal geometry, spatial extent |
| SPATIAL EXTENT | Spatial extent and ecological processes: Integrating observational and functional scales. spatial extent, landscape ecology, scale |
| SPATIAL GAME | The predator-prey shell game: an individual-based model of predator-prey interactions on a large spatial scale. predator-prey, patch departure, spatial game, anti-predator behavior |
| SPATIAL GENOTYPE CHANGES | 53 The effects of burn intensity and spatial genotype change on post fire size change in Vaccinium stamineum. Vaccinium stamineum, fire management, clonal growth, spatial genotype changes |
| SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY | 40 Spatial heterogeneity under three different management regimes. spatial heterogeneity, forest management |
| SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY | Spatial and short-term temporal heterogeneity of arctic tundra vegetation: comparing field and model data. arctic tundra, vegetation dynamics, climate warming, spatial heterogeneity |
| SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY | 26 Gain functions in small patches for a large herbivore: Evaluating evidence for competing models. spatial heterogeneity, foraging, herbivore, gain function |
| SPATIAL HIERARCHIES | Epidemic waves in the dynamics of measles: wavelets and spatial hierarchies. epidemic waves, wavelets, spatial hierarchies, measles |
| SPATIAL HOMOGENIZATION | 24 Multi-Scale Analysis of Seed Dispersal: an attempt to resolve Reid's paradox. long-distance seed dispersal, plant migration, modeling, spatial homogenization |
| SPATIAL INFORMATION | Predictive spatial models of vegetation, cryptobiotic, and soil characteristics: A landscape-scale assessment using spatial information and spatial statistics. multi-phase, multi-scale, landscape, plant diversity, spatial information, landsat Tm Data, GIS, trend surface, kirging, cokriging, variogram |
| SPATIAL INTERACTION | Gravity models: from long-distance dispersal to local patterns of movement. gravity model, disperal, spatial interaction, migration |
| SPATIAL METRICS | Validating spatially-explicit, predictive land-cover models - how does the question shape the method? land cover, validation, modeling, spatial metrics |
| SPATIAL MODEL | Forest landscape response to different harvest scenarios under climate warming in two ecoregions in northern Wisconsin, U.S.A. climate warming, spatial model, LANDIS, forest harvesting |
| SPATIAL MODELING | Predicting the vulnerability of endangered vertebrate species to fire ant impacts using landscape level predictors. fire ant, endangered species, GIS , spatial modeling |
| SPATIAL MODELS | Interchange approaches for optimal control of processes on landscapes. interchange method, hydrology, wildlife populations, spatial models |
| SPATIAL MODELS | 152 Spatial models of fire severity for study design and landscape analysis. fire severity, spatial models, study design |
| SPATIAL PATTERN | 56 Evidence for the role of canopy disturbance in the spatial distribution of eastern leatherwood (Dirca palustris). Dirca palustis, patch dynamics, spatial pattern, light gaps |
| SPATIAL PATTERN | 132 Methods for analyzing spatial patterns of more than two species. spatial pattern, point process |
| SPATIAL PATTERN | Vegetation patterns along the Kalahari transect. savanna, spatial pattern, kalahari, competition |
| SPATIAL PATTERN | Spatial demography of trees in an oak savanna. savanna, fire, spatial pattern, age structure |
| SPATIAL PATTERN | 66 Small-scale patterns and effects of scale on dissimilarity on tallgrass prairie vegetative communities. tallgrass prairie, spatial pattern, community composition |
| SPATIAL PATTERN | 45 Effects of disturbance regimes on spatial patterns of vegetation in a mesquite savanna. prosopis glandulosa, spatial pattern, disturbance, savanna |
| SPATIAL PATTERN ANALYSIS | Coherent spatial relationships of species distribution and production in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest. spatial pattern analysis, old-growth, biomass, Ripley's K statistic |
| SPATIAL PATTERNING | Species diversity, composition, and spatial patterning of understory plants in old-growth and managed northern hardwood forests. understory vegetation, spatial patterning, forest management, plant diversity |
| SPATIAL PATTERNS | Landscape patterns of aquatic invaders: Assessing the extent of zebra mussel dispersal from spatial distributions. spatial patterns, invasive species, lakes, dispersal |
| SPATIAL PATTERNS | The response of woody vegetation in tallgrass prairie under different fire regimes. tallgrass prairie, fire, woody vegetation, spatial patterns |
| SPATIAL POINT PATTERNS | 27 Spatial Analysis of a Maple/Basswood plot: fine scale regularity and large scale clustering. k-statistics, Acer saccharum, Tilia americana, spatial point patterns |
| SPATIAL RESOLUTION | Quantifying landscape pattern index responses using current land cover data: A case study of the managed forest of Ontario. landscape pattern indicies, spatial resolution, Landsat TM, sensitivity analysis |
| SPATIAL RESOLUTION | 92 New remote sensing procedures for vegetation cover sampling, estimation, spatial extrapolation, and change analysis. ecotone, spatial resolution, scaling, vegetation cover |
| SPATIAL SCALE | The spatial scaling of rare plant distributions. spatial scale, species distributions, fractals , rarity |
| SPATIAL SCALE | On the geometry of scale. spatial scale, species richness, fractal geometry, spatial extent |
| SPATIAL SCALE | Detection of spatial scales predicting small mammal habitat use in tropical montane cloud forests. spatial scale, tropical montane cloud forest, fragmentation, habitat preferences |
| SPATIAL SCALE | Community structure of lotic crayfish at multiple spatial scales. spatial scale, community structure, crayfish |
| SPATIAL SCALE | 121 Spatial variation of microarthropods and soil fungi in a hardwood forest. microarthropods, fungal biomass, spatial scale, kriging |
| SPATIAL SCALES | Patterns, processes, and mechanisms of mistletoe distributions: a multiscale approach. mistletoe, seed dispersal, spatial scales, parasite-host interactions |
| SPATIAL SCALES | Partitioning species diversity across scales: Statistical tests on components of insect diversity in deciduous forests. forest insect diversity, additive partitioning of diversity, null community models, spatial scales |
| SPATIAL SCALING | Forest fragmentation effects on simulated biomass accumulation using remotely-sensed data with varying spatial resolution. spatial scaling, forest productivity, remote sensing, carbon storage |
| SPATIAL SEGREGATION | 103 Spatial segregation of juvenile and mature garlic mustard plants (Alliaria petiolata) in a central Pennsylvania woodland. Alliaria petiolata, invasive weed, spatial segregation, demography |
| SPATIAL STATISTICS | Disease transmission of aspergillosis in sea fans: inferring process from spatial pattern. disease ecology, coral reef, spatial statistics |
| SPATIAL STATISTICS | Modeling and mapping the distribution of ground flora in the Missouri Ozarks. Bayesian modeling, vegetation prediction, spatial statistics |
| SPATIAL STATISTICS | 118 Spatial pattern analysis of temperate piedmont forests. forest, pattern, competition, spatial statistics |
| SPATIAL STRUCTURE | 113 Density dependent strategy of Scirpus olneyi: Field observation to simulation model. density effect, Scirpus olneyi (i.e. Schenoplectus americanus), lattice simulation model, spatial structure |
| SPATIAL STRUCTURE | Stability and complexity in microcosm ecosystems. protists, microcosms, spatial structure, consumer-resource interactions |
| SPATIAL STRUCTURE | 81 Fine scale genetic and spatial analysis of old growth eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). Pinus strobus, population genetics, spatial structure, simple sequence repeats |
| SPATIAL SYNCHRONY | Spatio-temporal patterns in population dynamics of the southern pine beetle. spatial synchrony, endogenous and exogenous effects, regional patterns, scale |
| SPATIAL SYNCHRONY | Weakly synchronized subpopulation dynamics in Wisconsin frogs and toads. spatial synchrony, population dynamics, amphibian, Moran effect |
| SPATIAL VARIABILITY | 116 Accounting for spatial variability in the design of sampling programs for migrating Chaoborus larvae. Chaoborus, spatial variability, migrating, multi-station sampling |
| SPATIAL VARIABILITY | Variation in the per capita strength of competition between two desert annuals. competition, time series analysis, spatial variability, temporal variability |
| SPATIAL VARIABILITY | The role of extrafloral nectar in mediating plant-herbivore interactions: Spatial variability . Gossypium thurberi, ant-plant, mutualism, spatial variability |
| SPATIAL VARIABILITY | Small-scale spatial variation in nitrogen availability and ectomycorrhizal communities. nitrogen availability, ectomycorrhizal fungal communities, spatial variability, Pinus muricata |
| SPATIAL VARIABILITY | 28 Biomass and floristic richness of the herb layer in forests of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Central and Northern Europe. Pinus sylvestris, herb biomass, species richness, spatial variability |
| SPATIAL VARIABILITY | 146 The total store of organic carbon in the soil of pine ecosystems in Northern and Central Europe. carbon storage, Spodosols, spatial variability, pine ecosystems |
| SPATIAL VARIATION | 126 Spatial variation of forest-floor litter invertebrates in topographically diverse landscapes. forest invertebrates, community structure, spatial variation |
| SPATIAL VEGETATION PATTERNS | 128 A comparison of spatial vegetation patterns following clearcuts and fires in Ontario's boreal forests. fire disturbance, clear cuts, spatial vegetation patterns, boreal forest |
| SPATIALLY EXPLICIT MODEL | Assumption violations and the predictive value of a metapopulation model. spatially explicit model, steady state assumption, synchronous extinction, dispersal |
| SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS | Small scale spatio-temporal dynamics of southern pine beetles and clerids. spatio-temporal dynamics, insect outbreaks, predator-prey, population |
| SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION | Testing hypotheses in spatio-temporal plant competition using measures of interaction strength. intensity of competition, storage effect, spatio-temporal variation, environmental heterogeneity |
| SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS | Spatiotemporal dynamics of endangered species hotspots in the United States. endangered species, hotspots, spatiotemporal dynamics, conservation |
| SPECIALIST | Herbivores benefit from plant responses induced by leaf-feeding beetle. induced susceptibility, specialist, generalist, phytophagy |
| SPECIALIZATION | 127 Phylogeographic structure in the bogus yucca moth Prodoxus quinquepunctellus: comparisons with coexisting pollinator yucca moths. specialization, phylogeography, speciation, biogeography |
| SPECIALIZATION | Monotrope mycorrhizal cheaters: extreme specificity, germination, and interactions within the ectomycorrhizal community. mycorrhizae, fungi, parasitism, specialization |
| SPECIATION | Generating biodiversity: The phylogeography of a North American insect radiation. biodiversity, radiation, speciation, phylogeography |
| SPECIATION | Intercontinental phylogeography of an insect radiation and its ecological implications. phylogeography, radiation, Enallagma, speciation |
| SPECIATION | 127 Phylogeographic structure in the bogus yucca moth Prodoxus quinquepunctellus: comparisons with coexisting pollinator yucca moths. specialization, phylogeography, speciation, biogeography |
| SPECIATION | 116 Fertilization in the sea: chemical identity and ecological implications of abalone sperm attractant. fertilization, attractant, sperm, speciation |
| SPECIATION | Food resource partitioning in the littoral food web of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa. stable isotopes, food webs, speciation, Lake Tanganyika |
| SPECIES | The fuzzy structure of biological groups. population delineation, species, habitats, vagueness |
| SPECIES ABUNDANCE | Local reproduction, disturbance, and the maintenance of diversity in species-rich communities. species diversity, species abundance, disturbance, early reproduction |
| SPECIES ABUNDANCE | 57 Factors influencing the invasion of Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum) at Lake Jackson, Florida. gradient analysis, invasion, Sapium sebiferum, species abundance |
| SPECIES ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTIONS | 100 A statistical method for the comparison of species accumulation curves. diversity, species accumulation curves, species abundance distributions, fungi |
| SPECIES ACCUMULATION CURVES | 100 A statistical method for the comparison of species accumulation curves. diversity, species accumulation curves, species abundance distributions, fungi |
| SPECIES AVAILABILITY | Limitations on species richness along a grassland productivity gradient: the importance of species availability. colonization, productivity, species availability, species richness |
| SPECIES AVAILABILITY | 143 Colonization and species richness in grassland: effects of micro-site availability, resource supply and seed availability. colonization, grassland, species availability, species richness |
| SPECIES BORDERS | Experimental studies of adaptation in Clarkia xantiana (Onagraceae): Character variation across a subspecies border. species borders, phenotypic plasticity, adaptation, Clarkia xantiana |
| SPECIES CHARACTERISTICS | Decomposition along a precipitation gradient in Patagonia: species-rainfall interactions. decomposition, Patagonia, precipitation gradient, species characteristics |
| SPECIES COEXISTENCE | Effects of predator-mediated coexistence on diversity at local and regional scales. metacommunity, keystone predation, local and regional processes, species coexistence |
| SPECIES COEXISTENCE | Environmental color affects competitive interactions in experimental microcosms. environmental variability, competition, species coexistence |
| SPECIES COMPOSITION | Global warming and zooplankton communities in alpine ponds of the Canadian Rocky Mountains: A greenhouse-warming experiment. global warming, alpine ecosystems, zooplankton, species composition |
| SPECIES COMPOSITION | 96 Responses of phytoplankton to experimental greenhouse warming of alpine ponds in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. global warming, alpine ponds, phytoplankton, species composition |
| SPECIES COMPOSITION | How does zooplankton community structure respond to varying rates and magnitudes of environmental change? species composition, nutrient enrichment, acidification, rate of environmental change |
| SPECIES COMPOSITION | Plankton community structure in small aquatic systems. species turnover, species composition, plankton, rock pools |
| SPECIES COMPOSITION | Effects of forest plantation management on herbaceous layer composition and diversity. plantations, forest harvesting, herbaceous layer, species composition |
| SPECIES COMPOSITION | 2 Landscape variation in forest communities is associated with soil calcium and nitrogen availability. soil nitrogen, soil calcium, species composition, productivity |
| SPECIES DISTRIBUTION | The random placement model as a null model of four well-known biogeographic patterns. random placement model, null model, nestedness, species distribution |
| SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS | The spatial scaling of rare plant distributions. spatial scale, species distributions, fractals , rarity |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | Fire effects on plant diversity in serpentine versus nonserpentine chaparral and grassland. fire, species diversity, productivity, serpentine |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | Changes in plant community structure following the removal of a dominant perennial invasive species. invasion, Foeniculum vulgare , species diversity, canonical correspondence analysis |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | The need to integrate spatial theory and community ecology. metapopulation, community, species diversity, habitat patchiness |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | Fifty years of change in forest understory composition. I. Changes in species richness and the species - area relationship. species-area relationship, herbaceous, northern hardwood forest, species diversity |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | 113 Macroinvertebrate assemblages of prairie headwater streams: effects of adjacent land uses. aquatic macroinvertebrates, land use effects, species diversity, stream ecology |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | Relative controls of resource availability and species diversity on ecosystem productivity: local vs. regional processes. species diversity, overyielding, ecosystem productivity, resource availability |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | Spatial scale, multiple community states, and the relationship between local and regional species richness. community assembly, computer simulations, species diversity, species saturation |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | Vegetation trends in relation to decreasing atmospheric deposition in southern Sweden 1983-1996. decreased atmospheric deposition, species diversity, vegetation recovery |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | 150 Controls of plant species diversity in a desert riparian ecosystem. riparian, groundwater decline, species diversity, ecosystem integrity |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | The role of flooding tolerance in determining tree species composition in tropical floodplains. flooding tolerance, floodplains, tropics, species diversity |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | Plant community diversity and heterogeneity in response to resource manipulations in a tallgrass prairie restoration. prairie restoration, species diversity, community heterogeneity |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | Interacting global changes influence diversity and species composition in a California annual grassland . global change, species diversity, annual grassland, elevated CO2 |
| SPECIES DIVERSITY | Local reproduction, disturbance, and the maintenance of diversity in species-rich communities. species diversity, species abundance, disturbance, early reproduction |
| SPECIES DOMINANCE | Influence of a dominant palm, Oenocarpus mapora on seedling establishment in a tropical moist forest of Panama. Oenocarpus mapora, seedling establishment, tropical forest, species dominance |
| SPECIES EFFECTS | Species and management effects on soil carbon dynamics in experimental tropical ecosystems. soil organic matter dynamics, particulate organic matter, tropical carbon cycling, species effects |
| SPECIES EFFECTS | 93 Shifting phenology in a grassland ecosystem under simulated global change. global change, species effects, phenology, ecosystem function |
| SPECIES EFFECTS | Are effects of species mixtures on ecosystems predictable based on effects of the component species? species effects, species mixtures, ecosystem processes, nitrogen |
| SPECIES EFFECTS | Species effects on soil properties across the landscape I: Texture, pH and exchangeable cations. species effects, soil properties, cation cycling, landscape |
| SPECIES EFFECTS | Species effects on soil properties across the landscape II: Carbon, nitrogen and microbial dynamics. nitrogen, nitrogen mineralization, organic nitrogen, species effects |
| SPECIES EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS | Effects of a rapid expansion of Sphagnum in Hawaiian wet forest ecosystems. Sphagnum, Hawaii, species effects on ecosystems, paleoecology |
| SPECIES EFFECTS ON NITROGEN CYCLING | Biotic response to nitrogen deposition in the Colorado alpine: Priming the N cycle pump? nitrogen deposition, alpine ecosystems, species effects on nitrogen cycling, biotic control of ecosystem function |
| SPECIES INTERACTIONS | Immunosenescence in nature: Age, size and pathogen susceptibility in a population of Plantago lanceolata. life history, species interactions, aging, demography |
| SPECIES INTERACTIONS | 2 Examining host/symbiont theory using an obligate commensal: implications for context-dependency. Chironomidae, species interactions, streams, Maine |
| SPECIES INTERACTIONS | Short-term interactions among species for a discrete resource, cavities in living pines. competition, woodpecker, species interactions |
| SPECIES INTERACTIONS | Habitat selection, species interactions, and community assembly in complex landscapes. habitat selection, community assembly, species interactions, complex landscapes |
| SPECIES INVASIONS | 73 Estimating dispersal from patterns of spread: Spatial and local control of invasion by Daphnia lumholtzi in Missouri lakes. species invasions, dispersal, exotic species, dispersal kernal |
| SPECIES INVASIONS | 58 The role of native generalist herbivores in Chinese Tallow Tree (Sapium sebiferum) invasions into coastal prairie. species invasions, Sapium sebiferum, generalist, herbivory |
| SPECIES INVASIONS | Fluctuating Resources Lead to Predictable Changes in Competition and Invasibility. invasibility, species invasions, competition, resource availability |
| SPECIES INVASIVE INDEX | Combining species-habitat approaches to understand exotic plant invasions in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah USA. species invasive index, predictive model, vegetation gradient, landscape scale invasive patterns |
| SPECIES MIXTURES | Are effects of species mixtures on ecosystems predictable based on effects of the component species? species effects, species mixtures, ecosystem processes, nitrogen |
| SPECIES NUMBER | When is an island community in stochastic equilibrium? equilibrium, island biogeography, likelihood, species number |
| SPECIES OCCURRENCE | Evaluating methods for geographic-based biodiversity assessment: potential problems with identifying biodiversity hotspots from species-range data. biodiversity assessment, species-range maps, hotspots, species occurrence |
| SPECIES POOLS | 79 The role of species pools in determining initial plant species richness in newly created wetlands. restoration, species pools, wetland |
| SPECIES RANGE LIMITS | Regional spread and stand-scale establishment of trees investigated by pollen analysis and modeling . forest dynamics, species range limits, disturbance, bioclimatic models |
| SPECIES REPLACEMENT | Intralake spread of rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) in northern Wisconsin: Another case of accelerated replacement by a third party? rusty crayfish, exotic species, selective predation, species replacement |
| SPECIES REPLACEMENT | The ecology and genetics of invasions: a case study of the invasion of the rusty crayfish, Orconectes rusticus . invasion, hybridization, crayfishes, species replacement |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | On the geometry of scale. spatial scale, species richness, fractal geometry, spatial extent |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | Controls on plant species richness in beaver meadows - how much do beaver matter? beaver, species richness, hydrology, ecosystem engineer |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | Species richness and geographic range boundaries of benthic marine algae of the Pacific coast of North America. benthic marine algae, diversity, species richness, biogeographic boundaries |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | Invariant global allometric scaling relationships for rates of plant biomass production and plant community structure. scaling, allometry, biomass, species richness |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | 107 Plant functional group response to plant removal treatments in a Chihuahuan Desert Shrubland. plant removal experiment , species richness, plant functional groups, community composition |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | Seasonal patterns of avian richness and environmental productivity. species richness, birds, productivity, seasonal patterns |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | 77 Scales of coexistence for terrestrial gastropods within wooded wetlands. terrestrial gastropods, species richness, diversity patterns, wooded wetlands |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | Inference about diversity estimates: Confidence intervals and statistical comparisons for sample species richness. biodiversity, bootstrap, rarefaction, species richness |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | On the relationship between local and regional richness. species richness, local vs. regional richness, general theory |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | 28 Biomass and floristic richness of the herb layer in forests of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Central and Northern Europe. Pinus sylvestris, herb biomass, species richness, spatial variability |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | Limitations on species richness along a grassland productivity gradient: the importance of species availability. colonization, productivity, species availability, species richness |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | 143 Colonization and species richness in grassland: effects of micro-site availability, resource supply and seed availability. colonization, grassland, species availability, species richness |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | Regional patterns in plant species richness. species richness, Ellenberg indicator values, productivity, soil nutrients |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | The common biodiversity in agroecosystems. species richness, tri-trophic levels, conservation ecology, landscape ecology |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | Loss of subordinate species affects productivity of a C4-dominated grassland. grassland , plant density, productivity, species richness |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | 32 Response of butterfly assemblages to ungulate herbivory along an elevation gradient. butterflies, ungulate browsing, exclosures, species richness |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | Marine protected area design: oceanographic linkages, delivery rates and species richness. marine protected areas, larval delivery, species richness |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | Temporal environmental heterogeneity and community structure: a microcosm study with vascular plants. environmental heterogeneity, resource fluctuations, species richness, positive interactions |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | 26 A comparison of study techniques for evaluating plant species richness in northern hardwood forests. species richness, northern hardwood, Adirondack Mountains, plant inventory |
| SPECIES SATURATION | Spatial scale, multiple community states, and the relationship between local and regional species richness. community assembly, computer simulations, species diversity, species saturation |
| SPECIES SORTING | Species traits and ecosystem gradients in metacommunities. metacommunities, species sorting, plankton, trophic structure |
| SPECIES TURNOVER | Plankton community structure in small aquatic systems. species turnover, species composition, plankton, rock pools |
| SPECIES-AREA CURVES | Species-area curves indicate the importance of habitats' contributions to landscape-scale biodiversity. species-area curves, plant diversity, habitat heterogeneity |
| SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP | Fifty years of change in forest understory composition. I. Changes in species richness and the species - area relationship. species-area relationship, herbaceous, northern hardwood forest, species diversity |
| SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP | Testing for self-similarity in a serpentine ecosystem. species-area relationship, range-area relationship, self-similarity, serpentine grasslands |
| SPECIES-RANGE MAPS | Evaluating methods for geographic-based biodiversity assessment: potential problems with identifying biodiversity hotspots from species-range data. biodiversity assessment, species-range maps, hotspots, species occurrence |
| SPECIES-RICHNESS | Species richness effects on microsite availability for seed germination of the invasive Phalaris arundinacea (L.). invasive, light, germination, species-richness |
| SPECIES-RICHNESS | Temperate woody seedling responses to deep shade plus drought: Testing for a tolerance trade-off. shade tolerance, drought tolerance, plasticity, species-richness |
| SPECIES-SPECIFIC | Functional group versus species-specific approaches to positive interactions in plant communities. facilitation, species-specific, interactions, functional groups |
| SPECIES' DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTABILITY | 37 Differential susceptibility of near-boreal trees to wind disturbance. windthrow, species' differential susceptability, wind disturbance, boreal forest |
| SPECIFIC LEAF AREA | The influence of stand structure on light interception and ecophysiological leaf characteristics of Pinus ponderosa. forest stand structure, gas exchange, Pinus ponderosa, specific leaf area |
| SPECIFIC LEAF AREA | Spring and summer hydraulic properties of 14 tree species of boreal forests in British Columbia. Huber value, hydraulic conductivity, life forms, specific leaf area |
| SPECIFIC ROOT LENGTH | Architecture of Pinus strobus fine roots across upland and wetland ecosystems. C, fine roots, Pinus strobus, specific root length |
| SPECTRAL LINEAR UNMIXING | Estimates of burn severity and habitat loss using remote sensing: Implications for restoration . spectral linear unmixing, fire intensity, sagebrush rangelands |
| SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE | Linking biodiversity and spectral reflectance in Southern California vegetation. biodiversity, ecosystem function, remote sensing, spectral reflectance |
| SPERM | 116 Fertilization in the sea: chemical identity and ecological implications of abalone sperm attractant. fertilization, attractant, sperm, speciation |
| SPHAGNUM | Net ecosystem production of two contrasting boreal black spruce ecosystems in central Saskatchewan. net ecosystem production, boreal black spruce forests, feathermoss, sphagnum |
| SPIDER PREDATION | Intraguild predation dampens the combined impact of Grammonota and Pardosa spiders on prey populations. intraguild predation, top-down control, spider predation, biological control |
| SPIDERS | The effect of precipitation change on leaf litter spider communities. spiders, precipitation, communities, richness |
| SPIDERS | 37 A field experiment to test the hypothesis that predation by gnaphosid spiders is a major mortality factor for juvenile wolf spiders. intraguild predation, forest-floor, spiders |
| SPIDERS | 109 Simulation test of mechanisms shaping the differential response of two generalist predators to landscape fragmentation. habitat fragmentation, simulation, landscape, spiders |
| SPIDERS | 128 The high salt marsh: a model for ecotone theory. marsh, ecotone, vegetation, spiders |
| SPITTLEBUG | A strong relationship between preference and performance in a spittlebug. spittlebug, preference-performance, herbivory, Salix |
| SPONGE | Population dynamics of a commercial sponge in Biscayne Bay, Florida. sponge, matrix model, closed population |
| SPROUTING | Hurricane disturbance as an explanation for the unique structure of West Indian dry forest. dry forest, hurricane, forest structure, sprouting |
| SPROUTING | 139 Shrub encroachment in a protected palm savanna. Responses to fire in three dominant Asteraceae species. Asteraceae, fire , sprouting, seedling |
| SPROUTING | Acer rubrum growth form changes in a subsiding coastal forest. wetland, subsidence, sprouting, flooding |
| SQUIRREL | 20 Effects of acorn size on the location of caches by Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis). caching behavior, acorn size, squirrel, canopy edge |
| STABILITY | Productivity and stability relationships in clipped pasture communities of varying diversity. pastures, diversity, production, stability |
| STABILITY | 120 Using cesium-137 to understand landscape stability in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. landscape, erosion, stability, biological soil crusts |
| STABILITY | The stability of coastal wetlands depends on the tidal amplitude. saltmarsh, Spartina, sea-level rise, stability |
| STABILITY | 87 Species richness and resistance to climate perturbation In a Mediterranean experimental grassland . stability, biodiversity, grassland, frost |
| STABILITY | Life history patterns and the possibilities for minimizing the occurrence of crown fires. fire, vegetation, stability |
| STABILITY-DIVERSITY HYPOTHESIS | Effects of local interactions on stability. stability-diversity hypothesis, competition, Markovian patch model |
| STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES | Physiological responses of trees from the Rancho La Brea tar pits throughout glacial/inter-glacial cycles. low carbon dioxide, La Brea tar pits, stable carbon isotopes, Pleistocene |
| STABLE ISOTOPE | Foodweb structure of tropical rivers with different biogeochemical attributes. guild, predation, South America, stable isotope |
| STABLE ISOTOPE | Predicting the stable isotope signature of dissolved inorganic carbon in lakes. carbon, stable isotope, dissolved inorganic carbon, lake |
| STABLE ISOTOPE | Connecting aquatic food webs to organic C from the watershed: Do maple leaves feed fish? lake, carbon, stable isotope, food web |
| STABLE ISOTOPE | Water color affects lake stable carbon isotope but not the food source for yellow perch. stable isotope, perca flavescens, water color, lake metabolism |
| STABLE ISOTOPE | 64 Mercury contamination of northern California fish: spatial and temporal patterns. mercury bioaccumulation, stable isotope, micropterus salmoides |
| STABLE ISOTOPE | 104 The effect of elevated CO2 on belowground pattern and process in California annual grasslands. root distribution, plant water uptake, elevated CO2, stable isotope |
| STABLE ISOTOPE | 59 Diurnal variation in the stable isotopes of transport fluids and metabolites in field-grown Lupinus angustifloius. stable isotope, phloem sap, diurnal |
| STABLE ISOTOPE RATIOS | 31 Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen. stable isotope ratios, trophic shift, fractionation, diet |
| STABLE ISOTOPES | 11 Trophic positions of generalist predators in detritus-enriched cucurbit gardens: patterns from stable isotope analysis. detrital food web, stable isotopes, generalist predators, detritivores |
| STABLE ISOTOPES | 6 Incorporating concentration dependence in stable isotope mixing models. stable isotopes, mixing model, C:N ratios, dietary analysis |
| STABLE ISOTOPES | Soil carbon dynamics in a forest under free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE). soil carbon, FACE experiment, stable isotopes, particulate organic matter |
| STABLE ISOTOPES | 53 A novel method for quatifying changes in food webs over time. food webs, disturbance, stable isotopes |
| STABLE ISOTOPES | Food resource partitioning in the littoral food web of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa. stable isotopes, food webs, speciation, Lake Tanganyika |
| STAGE STRUCTURED MODEL | Disturbance theory and restoration of natural flow regimes. natural flow regime, stage structured model, invasive species, disturbance |
| STAGE-CLASSIFIED SEASONAL MATRIX MODEL | 49 Timing is everything: a demographic model of Boltonia decurrens in an altered floodplain environment. Boltonia decurrens, Illinois River floodplain, stage-classified seasonal matrix model, LTRE analysis |
| STAND AGE | 91 Detecting age of Southern California chaparral stands with spectral reflectance. stand age, reflectance index, green & red/near-infrared spectral regions, annual variability |
| STAND STRUCTURE | Past and present spatial structure of Sierra mixed-conifer forest. mixed conifer, fire suppression, stand structure, spatial analysis |
| STAND STRUCTURE ANALYSIS | Regeneration characteristics of quaking aspen stands in Lake Tahoe Basin, Sierra Nevada. quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), aspen dynamics, California-Sierra Nevada, stand structure analysis |
| STATISTICAL | 98 Quantifying the human dimensions of the environment. statistical, technique, butterflies, humans |
| STATISTICAL ECOLOGY | Mathematical and statistical techniques and approaches for extreme event analysis: an overview. Extreme event analysis, statistical ecology, long term ecological studies, modeling |
| STATISTICAL MECHANICS | Statistical mechanics of a continent-wide biological survey. metapopulations, statistical mechanics, scaling, stochastic population models |
| STATISTICS | Grabbing a whale by its tail: The influence of the extreme right-tail of the distribution on population estimates of the Alaskan bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus). monitoring, population dynamics, statistics, skewness |
| STATISTICS | A new statistic for measuring phylogenetic structure in comparative data. comparative, method, phylogenetic, statistics |
| STEADY STATE ASSUMPTION | Assumption violations and the predictive value of a metapopulation model. spatially explicit model, steady state assumption, synchronous extinction, dispersal |
| STEM RESPIRATION | 101 Respiration response of mature sweetgum stems to carbon dioxide enrichment. Liquidambar styraciflua, stem respiration, carbon dioxide enrichment |
| STEPPE | 13 Mechanisms of facilitation between a perennial tussock grass and a shrub in a semiarid degraded steppe. facilitation, plant interactions, steppe, Stipa tenacissima |
| STEPPELAND PLANT COMMUNITIES | 44 Water dynamics in four water-limited plant communities. soil water dynamics, hdyraulic redistribution, redistribution of rainfall, steppeland plant communities |
| STICKLEBACK | Predation pressure and morphological variation in brook stickleback populations. predation pressure, stickleback, morphological defense |
| STIGMA CLOSURE | A comparison of costs inflicted and benefits given by floral visitors to Chilopsis linearis. mutualism, nectar-robbing, pollination, stigma closure |
| STIGMA RECEPTIVITY | 76 Effect of pollen load and source on pistillate-phase duration, seed production, and floral developmental rate in Mimulus guttatus. floral phenology, stigma receptivity, Mimulus guttatus |
| STOCHASTIC MODEL | 17 A comparison of approaches to population viability analysis with matrix models: Does stochastic method matter? matrix model, population viability analysis, environmental stochasticity, stochastic model |
| STOCHASTIC POPULATION MODELS | Statistical mechanics of a continent-wide biological survey. metapopulations, statistical mechanics, scaling, stochastic population models |
| STOCHASTIC SIMULATION | Life history evolution in variable environments: Cole's Paradox revisited. Cole's Paradox, bet-hedging, seed dormancy, stochastic simulation |
| STOCHASTIC SIMULATION OPTIMIZATION | Spatial reserve design: a comparison of methods for determining optimal habitat layouts for an endangered species. stochastic simulation optimization, ranking and selection, integer programming, reaction-diffusion |
| STOCHASTIC SIMULATIONS | 52 Little demographic effect of an extended flowering season for a Mediterranean perennial herb. periodic matrix models, elasticity analysis, variance decomposition analysis, stochastic simulations |
| STOCHASTICITY | Colonisation, dispersal and seasonality: mechanisms influencing the persistence of childhood infections. dispersal, seasonality, persistence, stochasticity |
| STOCHASTICITY | 19 Model selection in a stochastic environment. stochasticity, model, population growth |
| STOCK ANALYSIS | Stock analysis for sea turtle populations: Markov Chain Monte Carlo and other methods. markov chain monte carlo, sea turtles, stock analysis, estimation |
| STOICHIOMETRY | C:N:P stoichiometry of soil, plants, and invertebrates along a moisture gradient in the Sonoran Desert. stoichiometry, nitrogen and phosphorous availability, desert moisture gradient, mesquite |
| STOICHIOMETRY | Stoichiometric models of microbial ecosystems. stoichiometry, plankton, microbial ecology, resource competition |
| STOICHIOMETRY | Predators and stoichiometric traits of phytoplankton autotrophs and zooplankton grazers influence community- and ecosystem-level patterns. stoichiometry, plankton, traits, gradients |
| STOMATAL | 58 Characterizing the aerodynamic properties of open top chambers: Can we measure ecosystem stomatal conductances? aerodynamic, stomatal, conductance, ecosystem |
| STOMATAL APERTURE LENGTH | 103 Effects of a 4-year exposure to pre-industrial and elevated CO2 on stomatal characters of C3 and C4 species. stomatal index, C4 and C3 grasses, stomatal density, stomatal aperture length |
| STOMATAL CONDUCATNCE | The effect of annual nitrogen fertilization on the gas exchange and canopy dynamics of Pinus taeda stands. Pinus taeda, photosynthesis, stomatal conducatnce, Ci |
| STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE | 98 Stomatal conductance and stomatal limitation of photosynthesis in overstory sweetgum trees during four years CO2 enrichment at the Duke Forest FACE experiment. FACE, CO2, stomatal conductance , WUE |
| STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE | Effect of Free Air CO2 Enrichment on photosynthesis in Mojave Desert shrubs: Results from three years with differing precipitation regimes. daily photosynthesis, elevated co2, stomatal conductance, desert |
| STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE | Water relations and biomass adjustments of cottonwood in response to river regulation. cottonwood water relations, river regulation, floodplain hydrology, leaf area, root biomass, xylem pressure potential, stomatal conductance |
| STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE | 116 Ecophysiology of tree-shrub interactions in a central Texas savanna. Quercus fusiformis, water potential, stomatal conductance, Juniperus ashei |
| STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE | Drought-imposed limitations on ozone uptake in ponderosa pine forests: measurements and models. modeling ozone flux, stomatal conductance, Pinus ponderosa, drought stress |
| STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE | Herbivory affects plant soil moisture, plant water potential and whole-tree water use in piñon pine, Pinus edulis. herbivory, water relations, stomatal conductance |
| STOMATAL DENSITY | 103 Effects of a 4-year exposure to pre-industrial and elevated CO2 on stomatal characters of C3 and C4 species. stomatal index, C4 and C3 grasses, stomatal density, stomatal aperture length |
| STOMATAL INDEX | 103 Effects of a 4-year exposure to pre-industrial and elevated CO2 on stomatal characters of C3 and C4 species. stomatal index, C4 and C3 grasses, stomatal density, stomatal aperture length |
| STOPOVER HABITAT | 37 Landscape complementation and the use of wetland habitats by migratory water birds. stopover habitat, agricultural landscapes, landscape complementation, migration |
| STORAGE EFFECT | Testing hypotheses in spatio-temporal plant competition using measures of interaction strength. intensity of competition, storage effect, spatio-temporal variation, environmental heterogeneity |
| STRATEGIC ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT | Basic Research- its place in and Contribution to National Parks. objectives hierarchy, strategic adaptive management, science-management relationship |
| STREAM | The influence of ammonium, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen concentrations on nitrification rates associated with prairie stream substrata. nitrification, stream, ammonium, nitrate |
| STREAM | The impact of lakes and small dams on benthic invertebrate distribution in streams. benthic invertebrate, stream, lake, dam |
| STREAM | Ecological assessment associating stream macroinvertebrates with watershed land cover for protecting and restoring Wisconsin streams. biomonitoring, stream, land cover, disturbance |
| STREAM | 70 Distribution and behavior of coho salmon during summer rearing period in a Lake Superior tributary. stream, fish, ecology, coho salmon |
| STREAM | Marine nutrients in freshwater ecosystems: role of salmon migrations in supporting stream food webs. stream, salmon, subsidy, foodweb |
| STREAM | Strength of hierarchical relationships between landscapes and Midwestern US stream communities. stream, landscape, hierarchical relationships, biota |
| STREAM ASSESSMENT | 58 Assessing the relationship between habitat and fish communities in determining stream water quality. water quality, stream assessment, Index of Biological Integrity |
| STREAM COMMUNITY | Apparent temporal shifts in stream communities following selective logging. Salvelinus fontinalis, stream community, selective logging, riparian zone |
| STREAM ECOLOGY | 113 Macroinvertebrate assemblages of prairie headwater streams: effects of adjacent land uses. aquatic macroinvertebrates, land use effects, species diversity, stream ecology |
| STREAM ECOLOGY | Historical alterations of surface hydrology in Iowa's agricultural watersheds. stream ecology, restoration , riparian, wet prairie |
| STREAM ECOLOGY | Direct and indirect effects of disturbance and nutrients on stream communities of the Midwestern U.S. hydrologic disturbance, benthic community structure, stream ecology, invertebrates |
| STREAM ECOLOGY | Trophic cascades in the detrital web of tropical headwater streams: Effects of omnivorous decapods. Puerto Rico, Decapods, Particulate organic matter, stream ecology |
| STREAM FISH | Simulating coastal plain stream fish community response to nonpoint source pollution using linked hydrologic-ecological models. stream fish, nonpoint source pollution, linked models |
| STREAM FISHES | What population-level mechanisms drive stream fish invasions?: A large-scale field experiment with salmonids in the western U.S. invasion biology, stream fishes, large-scale experiments, landscape ecology |
| STREAM FISHES | Fluctuating asymmetry in stonerollers from streams of varying lead contamination history. lead contamination, fluctuating asymmetry, stream fishes, bioindicators |
| STREAM FOOD WEB | The impacts of a riparian invader, salt cedar (Tamarix ramosissima), on a stream food web. invasion, terrestrial-aquatic linkage, stream food web, Tamarix |
| STREAM INCISION | Relationships between stream incision, riparian vegetation dynamics, and restoration potential in Great Basin watersheds. riparian vegetation, stream incision, Great Basin watersheds, restoration |
| STREAM INSECTS | Mechanisms maintaining ecosystem function after species loss: Numerical and per capita compensation by stream insects. biodiversity, ecosystem function, leaf processing, stream insects |
| STREAM WATER CHEMISTRY | 51 Biogeochemical response of northern hardwood forests in the Catskill Mountains to several harvesting intensities. clearcutting, nitrate, stream water chemistry, understory vegetation |
| STREAMBED LANDSCAPE | Effect of subdivision of resource patches on mobile fauna in dynamic streambed landscapes. chironomid, habitat fragmentation, streambed landscape, leafy debris patch |
| STREAMFLOW | Uncertainty analysis of California streamflow under current and projected climates. climate change, streamflow, uncertainty, California |
| STREAMFLOW | 92 The validation of VEMAP Phase 2 model experiments using hydrologic data. climate change, VEMAP, streamflow, validation |
| STREAMS | 2 Examining host/symbiont theory using an obligate commensal: implications for context-dependency. Chironomidae, species interactions, streams, Maine |
| STREAMS | Consequences of detrital heterogeneity for stream invertebrates: Results from a simulation analysis and field experiment. streams, riparian, litter, invertebrates |
| STREAMS | Community-level conservation: Stream-breeding frogs in the forests of subtropical eastern Australia. frogs, amphibians, community ecology, streams |
| STREAMS | 74 Interrelationships among channel form, instream habitat, and aquatic communities. streams, restoration, channelization |
| STREAMS | Statistical implications of taxonomic resolution in assessing aquatic ecosystem disturbances. streams, invertebrates, variability, sensitivity |
| STREAMS | Complex trophic interactions in a coldwater stream: fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, and periphyton. Cottus cognatus, Glossosoma sp., streams, trophic cascade |
| STREAMS | 61 Relationships between land use, geology and in-stream physical habitat in small northern Oregon coastal streams. land use, physical habitat, streams, Oregon coast |
| STREAMS | Understanding how resources and disturbance create heterogeneity in streams: some considerations of process. heterogeneity, disturbance, resources, streams |
| STREAMS | Short-term dynamics of fish assemblages in pool habitats of an Arkansas mountain stream. streams, movement, assemblages, dynamics |
| STRESS | Ecosystem thermodynamics:Testing complexity with small-scale vegetation models. thermodynamics, ecosystems, wind-speed, stress |
| STRESS | Pinus edulis stand stress impacts ectomycorrhizal colonization and community structure: Implications for global climate change. ectomycorrhiza, mortality, stress, community structure |
| STRIP-MINING | 68 Low natural invasion rate of woodland species onto West Virginia strip-mined lands. strip-mining, natural invasion |
| STRONTIUM | Using natural strontium signatures to track the movements and migrations of salmon. salmon, strontium, migration, otolith |
| STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY | Structural complexity of submerged rootmats and its influence on the resident aquatic insect community. structural complexity, insect communities, aquatic systems |
| STUDENT SCIENTIST PARTNERSHIP | 24 A Student/Scientist Partnership to study forest ecology in the Adirondacks. student scientist partnership, forest ecology education, Adirondack Park, forest management |
| STUDENT-CENTERED INQUIRY | 9 SchoolYard Science: Student-centered Investigation of Aquatic Ecosystems. student-centered inquiry, schoolyard habitats, long-term ecological research, professional development |
| STUDENTS | Fostering diversity in ecology: insights from the SEEDS program. minority, undergraduate, students, ecology |
| STUDENTS | Engaging students in a holistic approach to understanding ecological research: the Institute of Ecosystem Studies' Research Experiences for Undergraduates program. undergraduate, research, experience, students |
| STUDY DESIGN | 152 Spatial models of fire severity for study design and landscape analysis. fire severity, spatial models, study design |
| SUBALPINE | 137 Carbon balance in a high-elevation subalpine forest. carbon balance, eddy covariance, subalpine |
| SUBALPINE FOREST | 9 Modeling of forest/atmosphere carbon fluxes in a Colorado subalpine ecosystem. modeling, Net Ecosystem Exchange, subalpine forest, seasonal variability |
| SUBALPINE FOREST | 90 The role of temperature in controlling CO2 uptake dynamics in a high-elevation subalpine forest. subalpine forest, canopy photosynthesis, net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration |
| SUBALPINE FOREST SOIL | 89 Linking root and microbial biomass to soil respiration rate in a high-altitude coniferous forest. soil respiration, root biomass, microbial biomass, subalpine forest soil |
| SUBALPINE FORESTS | 135 Fire history in high elevation subalpine forests in the Colorado Front Range. fire, climate change, subalpine forests, Colorado Front Range |
| SUBFOSSIL CHIRONOMIDS | Using subfossil Chironomidae (Diptera) to determine past and present lake conditions in the Northern Niagara Escarpment Region, Ontario, Canada. subfossil chironomids, paleolimnology, shallow lakes, lake management |
| SUBMERGED | Large-scale mapping and predictive modeling of submerged aquatic vegetation. submerged, plants, mapping, lakes |
| SUBMERGED AQUATIC MACROPHYTES | Evidence for alternate states in shallow prairie lakes. alternate stable states, submerged aquatic macrophytes |
| SUBOPTIMALITY | Limiting traits in forest herbs. distributions, community composition, suboptimality |
| SUBSIDENCE | Acer rubrum growth form changes in a subsiding coastal forest. wetland, subsidence, sprouting, flooding |
| SUBSIDIES | Spatial subsidies alter species-area relationships on islands. diversity, subsidies, biogeography, productivity |
| SUBSIDY | Marine nutrients in freshwater ecosystems: role of salmon migrations in supporting stream food webs. stream, salmon, subsidy, foodweb |
| SUBSIDY | Stream organism response to food web subsidies created by cyprinid spawning activity in a North temperate stream. subsidy, midwest stream, fish, food web |
| SUBSIDY-STRESS | 145 Flood regime effects on regeneration - a disturbance, subsidy or stress? regeneration, flood regime, disturbance, subsidy-stress |
| SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE | From farming to logging: a case study of San Juan de los Duran, Mexico. land use change, Mexico, logging, subsistence agriculture |
| SUBURBAN LANDSCAPE | Conserving regional biodiversity across landscapes and habitats: role of reserves, rural lands, and suburbs. regional biodiversity, nature reserve, suburban landscape, conservation |
| SUCCESSION | The response of a forested community (Forest Park in Portland, OR) to urbanization. forest, urbanization, succession, tree |
| SUCCESSION | Soil carbon dynamics following forest harvest: an ecosystem paradigm reviewed. forest floor, succession, carbon budgets, modeling |
| SUCCESSION | Changes in tree species composition over seven decades (1930 - 2000) in an aggrading deciduous forest. succession, forests, diversity, change |
| SUCCESSION | Is shade tolerance a fixed species trait? Evidence for shifting tolerance with herbivory. shade tolerance, succession, fire, herbivory |
| SUCCESSION | Modeling facilitation succession as an analog of altruistic interactions: generation of hypotheses for empirical study. facilitation, succession, forests, models |
| SUCCESSION | 141 Forest succession following fire along an altitudinal gradient, North Cascades National Park, Washington, USA. succession, fire, Psuedotsuga menziesii, Lodgepole pine |
| SUCCESSION | 80 Wet prairie vegetation and soil development on the Mount Saint John (MEEC) prairie restoration. restoration, soil development, succession, wet prairie |
| SUCCESSION | Invasive potential of Paulownia tomentosa seedlings in a managed forest landscape: effects of competition, disturbance, and herbivory. biomass allocation, non-indigenous species, succession, woody seedlings |
| SUCCESSION | 67 Effect of coal surface mine revegetation practices on long-term recovery of southeastern hardwood forests. reclamation, succession, eastern hardwood forest |
| SUCCESSION | Recovery dynamics in tallgrass prairie following the removal of an invasive shrub (Cornus drummondii). Cornus drummondii, shrub invasion, succession, tallgrass prairie |
| SUCCESSION | Soil heterogeneity changes over forest succession: Quantification using univariate and geostatistical procedures. soil, heterogeniety, succession, nutrient |
| SUCCESSION | Successional development of Cambarazal (Vochysia divergens Pohl)-dominated forests in the northern Pantanal of Brazil. Vochysia divergens, cambarazal, succession, pantanal |
| SUCCESSION | Primary succession in coastal sand dunes: is there facilitation? facilitation, succession, coastal sand dunes, Gulf of Mexico |
| SUCCESSION | Secondary succession along a 42-year chronosequence of restored freshwater marshes. succession, wetland, seed bank, restoration |
| SUCCESSION | Controls on early rates of succession in a Virginia Piedmont old-field. succession, leaf area index (LAI), old-field, Virginia |
| SUCCESSION | The role of post-disturbance seed dispersal and initial floristic resources during tropical forest succession. dispersal, restoration, succession, tropical |
| SUGAR MAPLE | 66 Ozone and low light effects on allocation and partitioning of recently-assimilated carbon in sugar maple. sugar maple, ozone, carbon transport, low light |
| SUGAR MAPLE DECLINE | Sugar maple growth in relation to health, glaciation and foliar nutrition in northern Pennsylvania and southern New York. sugar maple decline, defoliation, calcium and magnesium, radial growth |
| SUGAR MAPLE FORESTS | Effects of deer browsing and management on growth and structure of ground-cover plant species in sugar maple dominated forests, Upper Michigan. white-tailed deer, herbivory, sugar maple forests |
| SULFATE REDUCING BACTERIA | Sediment microbial community composition at four California mercury mines. phospholipid fatty acid analysis, methyl mercury, sulfate reducing bacteria, lipid biomarkers |
| SULFATE REDUCTION | Decadal scale changes in the production and emission of methane from two Appalachian bogs. methane, peat, anaerobic, sulfate reduction |
| SUMMATION | Toward a global synthesis of ecological thoughts. global, synthesis, ecology, summation |
| SUMMER DROUGHT | Temperature and moisture dependency of soil respiration in six temperate forests. soil respiration, temperate forest, temperature dependency, summer drought |
| SUNFISH | Spatial segregation, life history variation and genetic differentiation in trophically dimorphic pumpkinseed sunfish populations. sunfish, trophic polymorphism, reproductive isolation, site fidelity |
| SUNFLECKS | Adaptation to different light regimes in the Hawaiian lobeliads: dynamic photosynthetic light responses and the outcome of in silico transplants. adaptive radiation, photosynthetic light responses, Hawaii, sunflecks |
| SUNFLOWER | Patterns of extinction and colonization in wild sunflower populations. sunflower, Helianthus annuus, metapopulation, extinction/colonization |
| SUPPRESSION | Wildfire regimes and fire suppression in the North American boreal forest. wildfire, suppression, boreal forest |
| SUPPRESSION | Evidence of fire suppression impacts on fire size and frequency in the boreal forest of Ontario. boreal, fire, ontario, suppression |
| SURFACTANTS | 137 Increased death of new leaves of Banksia integrifolia around ocean outfall sites. Banksia integrifolia, salt-spray , sewage, surfactants |
| SURVEY | 111 A survey for exotic vegetation in the estuarine waters along the Gulf of Mexico coast from Suwannee Sound, Florida to Horn Island, Mississippi Sound. Gulf of Mexico, estuary, exotic species, survey |
| SURVEYOR BIASES | 150 Influences of Native Americans and surveying irregularities on metes and bounds witness tree distribution. witness trees, Native Americans, presettlement forests, surveyor biases |
| SURVIVAL | Dispersal and survival of juvenile peregrine falcons during a large restoration project. peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus, survival, dispersal |
| SURVIVAL | 67 Establishment of a native invasive shrub Prosopis glandulosa on grasslands with contrasting grazing histories. prosopis glandulosa, establishment, survival, soil depth |
| SURVIVAL | 99 Recognizing hazards in estimates of tree mortality. survival, permanent plot, proportional hazards, interval-censoring |
| SURVIVAL ESTIMATES | Estimation of population size and probabilities of survival and detection in Mead's milkweed, a rare prairie plant. rare plant, capture-mark-recapture, survival estimates, population estimates |
| SURVIVORSHIP | Leaf phenology of saplings growing in the understory of a forest exposed to elevated CO2. longevity, phenology, senescence, survivorship |
| SURVIVORSHIP | Impact of predator cues and resource level on the survivorship, development, and behavior of midges. non-consumptive predator effects, midges, development, survivorship |
| SUSCEPTIBILITY | Host condition affects prevalence of parasitism. prevalence, susceptibility, parasite-induced mortality, Potamopyrgus antipodarum |
| SUSTAINABILITY | Effects of silvicultural thinning on tree regeneration in strip cuts in the Peruvian Amazon. forest management, tropical rain forest, sustainability |
| SUSTAINABILITY | Science for sustainable, humane and productive development. development, justice, sustainability, productivity |
| SUSTAINABLE | Effects of commercial bark harvesting on Adansonia digitata(baobab) in the Save-Odzi Valley, Zimbabwe. bark, Adansonia, sustainable, harvest |
| SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE | Using focus groups to design an educational website for agricultural professionals. sustainable agriculture, educational website, focus group research, professional development program |
| SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE | 8 Effects of organic amendments and tillage practices on soil microbial biomass, N availability and crop yield in intensive agriculture. cover crops, reduced tillage, compost, sustainable agriculture |
| SUSTAINABLE CITIES | 5 In the service of sustainability: incorporating service-learning into college-level environmental studies. service-learning, sustainable cities, education, environmental studies |
| SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | 135 An Ecological Approach to Siberian River Conservation and Sustainable Development . mountain headwaters, ecosystem management, indigenous ecological knowledge, sustainable development |
| SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | Divergent vs. convergent conservation problems: Seeking a mix of science and wisdom . conservation, sustainable development, participation |
| SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIES | The Ecological Structure of Economic Systems. production economics, input-output representations, environmental regulations, sustainable economies |
| SYMBIONTS | The evolution of mutualism between plants and their belowground symbionts. mutualism, symbionts, modeling, evolution |
| SYMBIOSIS | Infection by the systemic fungus Epichloë glyceriae alters clonal growth of its host Glyceria striata. clonal growth, symbiosis, endophyte, grass |
| SYMBIOSIS | 75 Fungal associates of an eruptive tree-killing phloeophagous herbivore. bark beetles, fungi, Dendroctonus rufipennis, symbiosis |
| SYMBIOTIC | Symbiotic associations and the ecology of the southern pine beetle. Dendroctonus frontalis, symbiotic, population dynamics, phortic mites |
| SYNCHRONICITY | Synchronicity, temporal scales, and the role of an environmental reservoir in cholera dynamics. synchronicity, temporal scales, cholera dynamics |
| SYNCHRONOUS EXTINCTION | Assumption violations and the predictive value of a metapopulation model. spatially explicit model, steady state assumption, synchronous extinction, dispersal |
| SYNCHRONY | Population synchrony in a hydrologically connected landscape: quantifying patterns and identifying processes. synchrony, El Niño, landscape, zooplankton |
| SYNCHRONY | Migration and synchrony in metapopulation dynamics. metapopulation dynamics, migration, synchrony, extinction |
| SYNTHESIS | Toward a global synthesis of ecological thoughts. global, synthesis, ecology, summation |
| SYSTEM LEVEL MEASUREMENTS | Effect of increasing soil temperature on below ground CO2 efflux: A large scale controlled system perspective. below ground CO2 efflux, soil respiration, system level measurements |
| SYSTEMS MODELLING | Analytical Tools for Material and Energy Balance, Cash Flow, and Environmental Loads in Crop and Dairy Agriculture. systems modelling, environment, dairy agriculture, material energy/economics |