
| HOME SCHEDULE AUTHOR INDEX SUBJECT INDEX |
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
| SCROPHULARIACEAE | The influence of Mimulus ringens floral display size on patterns of pollinator visitation. POLLINATOR, MATING SYSTEM, SCROPHULARIACEAE, POLLEN |
| SCROPHULARIACEAE | The influence of floral display size on mating patterns in Mimulus ringens. MATING SYSTEM, SCROPHULARIACEAE, SELF-POLLINATION, POLLEN |
| SE ASIA | Effects of N additions on N-oxide emissions and soil N dynamics across a matrix of land use, elevation, soil age, and soil type on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo (Malaysia). nitrous oxide, nitrification, tropical forest, SE Asia |
| SEEDS | 4 Student Perceptions of SEEDS. diversity, minorities, recruitment, SEEDS |
| SELF-POLLINATION | The influence of floral display size on mating patterns in Mimulus ringens. MATING SYSTEM, SCROPHULARIACEAE, SELF-POLLINATION, POLLEN |
| SIR | Escalating impacts of marine epizootics and the role of a changing environment : insights from a coral-fungus pathosystem. corals, epizootic, SIR, marine |
| SOIL WATER BALANCE | 129 Soil water balance in the arid southwest. SOIL WATER BALANCE, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION |
| SACATON | The Botteri Sparrow:An avian habitat specialist colonizing an alien grassland in southeastern Arizona. Botteri sparrow , Sacaton, Boer lovegrass, Ecological trap |
| SALINITY | The importance of viscosity in saline waters: Urmia Lake, northwest of Iran. Salinity, Viscosity, Zooplankton |
| SANDHILLS OF NEBRASKA | 50 Variability in stomatal characteristics of C4 grasses native to the Nebraska Sandhills. Ecotypic variability, drought, C4 grasses , Sandhills of Nebraska |
| SAP-FLUX | Environmental and ontogenetic controls over transpiration of Pinus flexilis and P. ponderosa in northern Arizona. Transpiration, Sap-Flux, Conductance, Ontogeny |
| SAVANNA | The effects of a light gradient on seedling establishment in an oak savanna restoration. Restoration, Plants, Savanna, Light |
| SAVANNA | 24 Soil and vegetation changes along savanna-ecotone gradient in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela. Gradient, Ecotone, Fern, Savanna |
| SAVANNAH RIVER SITE | Cross-scale determinants of the Savannah River Site mammalian community, South Carolina. Savannah River Site, scale, landscape indices, mammals |
| SCIENCE EDUCATION | 18 Impact of NSF GK–12 TIGERs Fellows on science education in the middle grades of West Virginia Schools. Science education, NSF GK–12 Teaching Fellows |
| SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION | Shear stress and sediment resuspension in canopy- and meadow-forming submersed macrophyte communities. Submersed Macrophytes, Sediment Resuspension, Shear Stress, Shallow Lakes |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Fitness and population consequences of a seed dispersal mutualism. Seed dispersal , Invasions, Mutualism, Population dynamics |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Do habitat corridors facilitate seed dispersal by birds? Seed dispersal, Habitat corridors, Frugivory |
| SEEDLING SURVIVAL | Germination and seedling survival of an invasive weed (Verbascum thapsus) along an elevational gradient in Hawai`i. Invasion , Demography, Germination, Seedling survival |
| SELECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS | Do plants selectively associate with species of ectomycorrhizal fungi that support highest plant growth? Growth of Abies balsamea seedlings, Composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi, Selective associations, Light intensity |
| SERENGETI NATIONAL PARK | Avian responses to natural and anthropogenic habitat changes in the Serengeti ecosystem. Serengeti National Park, avian communities, habitat change, agriculture |
| SERENGETI GRASSLANDS | Precipitation versus nutrient availability; what is more important in regulating diversity patterns in an African grassland/savanna? Serengeti grasslands, precipitation gradients, soil microbial processes, primary production |
| SHALLOW LAKES | Shear stress and sediment resuspension in canopy- and meadow-forming submersed macrophyte communities. Submersed Macrophytes, Sediment Resuspension, Shear Stress, Shallow Lakes |
| SHAWANGUNK MOUNTAINS | Three centuries of vegetational change in the Shawangunk Mountains: What are we preserving today? Shawangunk Mountains, forest history |
| SHEAR STRESS | Shear stress and sediment resuspension in canopy- and meadow-forming submersed macrophyte communities. Submersed Macrophytes, Sediment Resuspension, Shear Stress, Shallow Lakes |
| SIBERIA | Conifer stomates as indicators of the subarctic and subalpine treeline. conifer stomates, treeline, northwestern Canada, Siberia |
| SICAMOUS CREEK | Forest soil changes across forest-clearcut edges in a high-elevation coniferous forest. edge effect, forest soil, clearcut, Sicamous Creek |
| SIERRA NEVADA | 102 Effect of increased summer precipitation on high-temperature tolerance for Purshia tridentata. water potential, photosynthesis, Great Basin Desert, Sierra Nevada |
| SIERRA NEVADA | Multi-scale correlates of woody regeneration in the Sierra Nevada of California. regeneration, Sierra Nevada, topography, nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling |
| SIERRA | Climatic interpretation of 20th-century tree-ring patterns in high-elevation conifers. climate, tree-rings, ordination, Sierra |
| SILVER MAPLE | Influence of canopy tree types on litter production and soil microbial activities in Wisconsin River floodplain. Floodplain, Litter, Silver maple, Soil microbes |
| SIMULATION | 101 Quantification of spatial patterns using geostatistics - a simulation approach . Spatial patterns, Geostatistics, Patch, Simulation |
| SNOWMELT | Nitrogen budgets in Sierran Forests: Relative roles of atmospheric deposition, fire and nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen, Snowmelt, Fire, N-fixation |
| SOIL C AND N | 145 Influence of N Availability on C Sequestration in Soils. C Sequestration, Soil C and N, Soil C cycling |
| SOIL C CYCLING | 145 Influence of N Availability on C Sequestration in Soils. C Sequestration, Soil C and N, Soil C cycling |
| SOIL MAPPING | GIS, expert knowledge, and fuzzy logic-based approach to soil mapping over areas with moderate relief. GIS, Expert Systems, Fuzzy Logic, Soil Mapping |
| SOIL ORGANIC MATTER | Changes in soil carbon stocks with land management and increasing atmospheric CO2. Soil Organic Matter, Carbon Sequestration, Free-Air CO2 Enrichment |
| SOIL | 40 Soil nitrate and ammonium through 2 years of selective herbivory and chronic nitrogen enrichment. Nitrate, Ammonium, Herbivory, Soil |
| SOIL CARBON | 143 The effect of land use change on the belowground carbon stock of the Miombo Woodlands. Soil carbon, Land Use Change |
| SOIL MACROFAUNA | 118 Do successional changes in aboveground environmental conditions lead to a parallel succession in soil macrofaunal communities? Soil macrofauna, secondary succession, Cloud Forest, higher taxon diversity |
| SOIL MICROBES | Influence of canopy tree types on litter production and soil microbial activities in Wisconsin River floodplain. Floodplain, Litter, Silver maple, Soil microbes |
| SOIL PATCHES | Physiological responses of roots to pulses of nutrients. Malus domestica, Root foraging, Root respiration, Soil patches |
| SOIL RESPIRATION | Simulation of soil carbon dioxide efflux in a mature temperate spruce forest from 1975 to 1999. Soil respiration, CO2 efflux, Ecological modeling, Norway spruce at Solling |
| SOILS | 119 The effects of harvester ants on nitrogen storage in Mojave Desert soils. Deserts, Soils, Nitrogen, Ants |
| SOILS | 120 Harvester ants and soil nutrients: Effects of colony age and size on nitrogen storage. Deserts, Soils, Nitrogen, Ants |
| SONORAN DESERT | A century of increase in species richness at a Sonoran Desert site protected from prolonged human impact . diversity, human impact, recovery, Sonoran Desert |
| SONORAN DESERT | 108 Analysis of Sonoran desert vegetation in the CAP-LTER study area, Phoenix, AZ. Sonoran desert, urban ecology, woody plants, CAP-LTER |
| SOUTH AMERICA | Foodweb structure of tropical rivers with different biogeochemical attributes. guild, predation, South America, stable isotope |
| SOUTH SINAI | 130 Ecological evaluation of soil quality in South Sinai, Egypt. South Sinai, soil quality, landform, water availability |
| SPATIAL | Mixing, noise, predators and prey: Predicting individual based simulations from equations. Spatial , Models, Differential Equations, Predator-Prey |
| SPATIAL ECOLOGY | Quantifying variation in the spatial spread of raccoon rabies. Spatial Ecology, Parasite-Host Interactions, Rabies |
| SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION | 47 Spatial autocorrelation affects regional population dynamic of the beetle Timarcha lugens. Regional population dynamic, Spatial autocorrelation, High-mountains, Timarcha lugens |
| SPATIAL PATTERNS | 101 Quantification of spatial patterns using geostatistics - a simulation approach . Spatial patterns, Geostatistics, Patch, Simulation |
| SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT MODEL | Spatial and biological aspects of reserve design. Spatially-explicit model, reserve design, ecosystem processes, ecosystem services |
| SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERNS | Spatio-temporal patterns of available N and P after whole-tree harvest and girdling. Spatio-temporal Patterns, Nitrogen, Phosphorus , Disturbance |
| SPECIES ABUNDANCE | Consequences of competitive ability for species abundance in a guild of phloem-feeding insects. Intraspecific competition, Interspecific competition, Bottom-up control, Species abundance |
| SPECIES RICHNESS | 34 Spatial patterns of bird species richness in East Asia . Species richness, Asia, island biogeography, latitudinal gradients |
| SPICEBUSH | Indirect effects of the chemical properties of plant leaves on tree use among tits. Indirect effects, Parus species, Spicebush, Foraging niche |
| SPODOSOLS | 146 The total store of organic carbon in the soil of pine ecosystems in Northern and Central Europe. carbon storage, Spodosols, spatial variability, pine ecosystems |
| STABLE ISOTOPES | 39 Foliage produced under FACE experiments have lower 15N compared to ambient plants.Elevated CO2, Stable isotopes, Nitrogen |
| STATE SPACE MODELS | Incorporating observational error in density dependence population models. State Space Models, Population Dynamics, Bayesian Analysis, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) |
| STRATIFICATION | Integrating imagery and field data to estimate and extrapolate landscape characteristics. Imagery, Classification, Stratification, Extrapolation |
| STREAMS | The effects of Hurricane Floyd on benthic community structure in piedmont North Carolina streams. Community structure, Biodiversity, Streams, Hurricane Floyd |
| STRUCTURE | Canopy Structure in an age sequence of stands dominated by Pseudotsuga menziesii. Canopy, Structure, Chronosequence, Pseudotsuga menziesii |
| STUDENT/SCIENTIST | 1 Effect of student/scientist partnerships on student attitudes and motivation: Activity specific motivation versus broad-based shifts. attitudes, motivation, TOSRA, Student/Scientist |
| SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES | Functions of submersed vegetation in the Hudson River. Submerged macrophytes, Vallisneria americana, Primary production, Habitat |
| SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES | Shear stress and sediment resuspension in canopy- and meadow-forming submersed macrophyte communities. Submersed Macrophytes, Sediment Resuspension, Shear Stress, Shallow Lakes |
| SUBTROPICS | Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from drainage waters of an intensively farmed, subtropical valley. Nitrous Oxide, Nitrogen, Agricultural impacts, Subtropics |
| SUCCESSION | Species richness and patterns of invasion over 40 years of old field succession. Invasions, Diversity, Succession, Invasibility |
| SYSTEM TEMPORAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS | Testing an ecological model using mutual fund data. Multivariate time series, Vector Analysis, System temporal dynamic analysis |
| SAGEBRUSH RANGELANDS | Estimates of burn severity and habitat loss using remote sensing: Implications for restoration . spectral linear unmixing, fire intensity, sagebrush rangelands |
| SALAMANDER | The impact of garlic mustard invasions on woodland salamander populations in New York. salamander, garlic mustard, invasive species, amphibian population declines |
| SALAMANDER LARVAE | 69 Activity and microhabitat use during interactions among five species of pond-breeding salamander larvae. salamander larvae, intraguild predation, niche partitioning, microhabitat |
| SALICYLIC ACID | Positive and negative cross-talk in pathways of resistance to pathogens and insects. salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, induced resistance, apoptosis |
| SALINITY | 124 Xylem osmolality and leaf secretion of Avicennia germinans as affected by salinity and drought. mangroves, salt secretion, drought, salinity |
| SALINITY | 125 Leaf expansion and demography in Avicennia germinans L. grown in a salinity gradient. A. germinans, leaf demography, leaf expansion, salinity |
| SALINITY | 126 Photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and water relations in the mangrove Avicennia germinans L. A. germinans, mangroves, photosynthesis, salinity |
| SALINITY | Seasonal water-use and gas exchange patterns of an invasive exotic tree in a saline environment. invasive, salinity, water-use, assimilation |
| SALINITY GRADIENT | Evidence for local adaptation along a salinity gradient in a salt marsh perennial. local adaptation, salinity gradient, salt marsh plant, Borrichia frutescens |
| SALMON | Measuring the real costs and benefits of breaching four dams on the lower Snake River. dams, salmon, economics |
| SALMON | Hyporheic processing and storage of nutrients from spawning sockeye salmon. hyporheic, salmon, nitrogen, riparian |
| SALMON | Marine nutrients in freshwater ecosystems: role of salmon migrations in supporting stream food webs. stream, salmon, subsidy, foodweb |
| SALMON | Nutrient dynamics, life history diversity and hazing: implications for population viability of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). depensation, life history variability, population persistence/viability, salmon |
| SALMON | Invasive species impacts on threatened and endangered salmonids in the Columbia River Basin. invasive species, endangered species, salmon |
| SALMON | Using natural strontium signatures to track the movements and migrations of salmon. salmon, strontium, migration, otolith |
| SALMON | Depensatory mechanisms in the ecology of sockeye salmon and their ecosystems. depensatory mechanisms, salmon, climate change, aquatic ecosystems |
| SALMONID | Effects of habitat alteration on Great Lakes steelhead parr: an individual-based modeling analysis. salmonid, individual based model, parr, habitat alteration |
| SALT | 87 Increased carbon accumulation in a Chesapeake Bay wetland due to increased C3 plant species abundance. carbon, modeling, salt, marsh |
| SALT CEDAR | Tamarix response to flooding frequency and depth. exotics, flooding, management, salt cedar |
| SALT MARSH | 21 Effects of physical gradients on palatability of salt marsh plants to herbivores. herbivory, salt marsh, plant stress |
| SALT MARSH | 51 Using light induced fluorescence for assessing the health of emergent marsh vegetation. light induced flourescence, salt marsh, emergent vegetation, plant physiology |
| SALT MARSH PLANT | Evidence for local adaptation along a salinity gradient in a salt marsh perennial. local adaptation, salinity gradient, salt marsh plant, Borrichia frutescens |
| SALT MARSHES | 127 Fifty years of change in Maine salt marsh landscapes: Implications for restoration. salt marshes, restoration, drainage network, landscape change |
| SALT SECRETION | 124 Xylem osmolality and leaf secretion of Avicennia germinans as affected by salinity and drought. mangroves, salt secretion, drought, salinity |
| SALT SPRAY | Salt spray, fire, and water availability: complex interactions in managed coastal heathland plant communities. salt spray, fire, water availability, coastal heathlands |
| SALT TOLERANCE | 112 Germination responses of dimorphic seeds of Halopyrum mucronatum. dormancy, salt tolerance, seed dimorphism |
| SALT TOLERANCE | 159 Effects of interactions between Na2SO4 concentrations and light levels on the growth of Helianthus paradoxus and Helianthus annuus. Helianthus paradoxus, Helianthus annuus, salt tolerance, light levels |
| SALT-MARSH | Interseasonal carryover of a fertilization pulse on populations of an insect herbivore and its predators. herbivory, food web, bottom-up, salt-marsh |
| SALT-SPRAY | 137 Increased death of new leaves of Banksia integrifolia around ocean outfall sites. Banksia integrifolia, salt-spray , sewage, surfactants |
| SALTMARSH | The stability of coastal wetlands depends on the tidal amplitude. saltmarsh, Spartina, sea-level rise, stability |
| SALTMARSH | Organic matter turnover in coastal wetlands: links between macrophyte production, decomposition, nutrient limitation and nutrient cycling. saltmarsh, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, Typha sp. |
| SALVAGE HARVESTING | Preserving an old-growth pine remnant: do two "wrongs" make a "right"? old-growth, restoration ecology, salvage harvesting, CWD |
| SAMPLING | Monitoring vegetation dynamics in a submersed freshwater macrophyte community. macrophytes, vegetation dynamics, sampling |
| SAMPLING AND RISK ASSESSMENT | Contaminants in fish of Illinois inland lakes, 1974-1998. fish contaminants, long-term trend analysis, organochorines and mercury, sampling and risk assessment |
| SAMPLING ERROR | Fitting stochastic metapopulation models to patch occupancy data in the presence of sampling error. metapopulation, maximum likelihood estimation, sampling error |
| SAND PRAIRIE | 57 Determining restoration goals and methods for a degraded sand prairie. restoration, sand prairie |
| SAND SAVANNA | The relationships of the savanna herbaceous layer to gradients in gap size, canopy cover, and soil conditions. sand savanna, herbaceous vegetation, gap size, restoration |
| SANDHILL CRANE | Economic value, biodiversity, and sandhill cranes: Platte River birding. biodiversity, economic value, sandhill crane, contingent valuation |
| SANDHILL ECOLOGY | 61 Fine root demography differs among xeric and mesic adult tree species in a sandhill habitat of southeastern US. fine root demography, fine root death, fine root longevity, Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, Quercus incana, Quercus margaretta, sandhill ecology |
| SANDY LAND | Soil properties of Horqin sandy land in Tongliao of Inner Mongolia, China. desert soil, desertification, sandy land, soil degradation |
| SAP | 151 A test of pitch production in Pinus species used by Yellow-bellied sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus varius) in Northwest Indiana. Sphyrapicus varius, Pinus, pitch, sap |
| SAP FLOW | 91 The impact of extreme climatic events on carbon sequestration of Pinus elliottii: Scaling from leaf to ecosystem. drought, hard freeze, sap flow, eddy covariance |
| SAP FLOW | Relationships between stem diameter and sapwood area for ring- and diffuse-porous tree species. sap flow, sapwood area, transpiration, water use |
| SAP FLOW | Flux and clicks measured on sticks: Stomatal control, cavitation, and water use of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) clones during drought. cavitation, sap flow, Populus trichocarpa, acoustic emissions |
| SAP FLOW | Contrasting seasonal patterns of root and stem sap flow in three tree species in a desert arroyo. sap flow, hydraulic redistribution, diurnal storage capacitance, Chihuahuan Desert |
| SAP FLUX | 45 Xylem sap flow in a northern Utah Juniperus osteosperma. transpiration, water relations, Juniperus osteosperma, sap flux |
| SAP FLUX | Transpiration of Hybrid Poplar in Eastern Washington: Leaf to stand scaling. transpiration, Populus trichocarpa x P.deltoides, sap flux, hydraulic conductance |
| SAP-FLOW | Effects of elevated CO2 on transpiration in Quercus myrtifolia measured in situ in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem. elevated CO2, transpiration, sap-flow , self-shading |
| SAP-FLOW | Management of fire-excluded ponderosa pine stands increases soil water availability. fire-exclusion, Pinus ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii, sap-flow |
| SAPFLOW | 63 An examination of the relationship between sapflow rate and measured stem CO2 efflux in trees. respiration, sapflow |
| SAPFLOW | 65 Canopy transpiration of Jeffrey pine in xeric and mesic microsites. Pinus Jeffreyi, transpiration, canopy, sapflow |
| SAPLING | Sapling stem orientation in relation to growth rate, leaf dimensions and leaf habit. plasticity, sapling, growth, light |
| SAPWOOD AREA | Relationships between stem diameter and sapwood area for ring- and diffuse-porous tree species. sap flow, sapwood area, transpiration, water use |
| SATELLITE | 147 Downed woody material, projected leaf area index, and satellite index relationships in Chihuahuan Desert vegetation. fuels, satellite, cover, PLAI |
| SATELLITE | 89 Biomass Imaging for Research on Carbon and Habitats (BIRCH): a mission concept supporting NASA's Carbon Cycle Initiative. lidar, laser altimetry, satellite, height |
| SATELLITE IMAGERY | Analysis of impervious cover in the Lake Tahoe basin for conservation of natural resources. impervious cover, water quality, satellite imagery, urbanization |
| SATELLITE TRACKING | Magellanic penguin conservation requires large-scale measures. Magellanic penguin, marine zoning, foraging range, satellite tracking |
| SAVANNA | 84 Multivariate effects on species richness in floodplain oak savannas. richness, diversity, savanna, prairie |
| SAVANNA | 83 Patterns of assembly along a toposequence in pine savannas and baygall gallery forests. assembly, gradient, savanna, baygall |
| SAVANNA | 23 Multivariate analysis of floodplain oak savanna community composition. gradient, fire, floodplain, savanna |
| SAVANNA | Vegetation patterns along the Kalahari transect. savanna, spatial pattern, kalahari, competition |
| SAVANNA | Spatial demography of trees in an oak savanna. savanna, fire, spatial pattern, age structure |
| SAVANNA | 45 Effects of disturbance regimes on spatial patterns of vegetation in a mesquite savanna. prosopis glandulosa, spatial pattern, disturbance, savanna |
| SAVANNA ECOSYSTEM | Savanna soils during the first 150 years after village site abandonment. East Africa, savanna ecosystem, soil nitrogen, soil phosphorus |
| SAVANNAS | 102 Interpopulation variation in Trachypogon plumosus (Poaceae): phenology, seed morphology and germination. seed, germination, savannas, neotropics |
| SAVANNAS | 150 Can fire maintain central Texas savannas? Juniperus ashei, fire, savannas |
| SAW PALMETTO | Pollination biology of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens: Palmae) in southwestern Florida. Serenoa repens, saw palmetto, pollination biology |
| SCALE | Diversity, productivity, and scale: a case study of Wisconsin vegetation. productivity, diversity, scale, Wisconsin |
| SCALE | Cross-scale determinants of the Savannah River Site mammalian community, South Carolina. Savannah River Site, scale, landscape indices, mammals |
| SCALE | Are growth, mortality and recruitment predictable in forest community dynamics? community dynamics, forest ecology, predictability, scale |
| SCALE | 117 Assessing the scale of usefulness of regional-scale vegetation maps with ground-based data. vegetation, mapping, accuracy, scale |
| SCALE | Combining multiple sources of heterogeneity: a model of environmental variation and dispersal-induced patterning . pattern formation, scale, dispersal, functional heterogeneity |
| SCALE | 48 Species abundance distributions are not self-similar across spatial scales in aquatic microcosms. abundance, community, scale, self-similarity |
| SCALE | Effects of fire vs. logging on landscape structure in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. scale, landscape metrics, disturbance, Yellowstone |
| SCALE | Spatial extent and ecological processes: Integrating observational and functional scales. spatial extent, landscape ecology, scale |
| SCALE | Consequences of diversity loss on ecosystem functioning: Can we extrapolate to landscape scales? biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, ecosystem services, scale |
| SCALE | Spatio-temporal patterns in population dynamics of the southern pine beetle. spatial synchrony, endogenous and exogenous effects, regional patterns, scale |
| SCALE | Land-use change and bird communities in large-river floodplain forests. birds, land use, floodplain, scale |
| SCALE | Multiscale experiments in estuarine research: Improving realism and advancing theory. scale, mesocosm, extrapolation, estuary |
| SCALE | 25 Testing the scale-dependence of species associations among ferns. ferns, DCA ordination, scale |
| SCALE | Pattern and scale: The behavior of landscape metrics. pattern, scale, landscape analysis, landscape metrics |
| SCALE DEPENDENCY | Validation of a conceptual hierarchical model with data in an oak woodland/annual grassland system: Figuring out where the parts fit. scale dependency, hierarchical models, oak woodland, classification and regression trees |
| SCALE-DEPENDENT | Identifying scale-dependent limitations for the extrapolation of experimental results across time and space. scale-dependent, extrapolation, pelagic model, chlorophyll |
| SCALING | Integrated Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. monitoring, scaling, forests, hydrology |
| SCALING | Invariant global allometric scaling relationships for rates of plant biomass production and plant community structure. scaling, allometry, biomass, species richness |
| SCALING | Statistical mechanics of a continent-wide biological survey. metapopulations, statistical mechanics, scaling, stochastic population models |
| SCALING | 92 New remote sensing procedures for vegetation cover sampling, estimation, spatial extrapolation, and change analysis. ecotone, spatial resolution, scaling, vegetation cover |
| SCALING LAWS | 20 Applying scaling laws to Psychotria: A test of 19 species in a tropical forest . scaling laws, Psychotria, ecophysiological traits |
| SCALING RELATIONSHIPS | Down deadwood biomass of trees is correlated with standing mortality at a regional scale. global change, scaling relationships |
| SCALING UP PLOT MEASUREMENTS | 83 Scaling up estimates of tree biomass from plot measurements of forest inventories to regional domains using a process-based forest ecosystem model . forest biomass, forest inventories, process-based ecosystem model, scaling up plot measurements |
| SCHOOLYARD HABITATS | 9 SchoolYard Science: Student-centered Investigation of Aquatic Ecosystems. student-centered inquiry, schoolyard habitats, long-term ecological research, professional development |
| SCIENCE EDUCATION | Web-based concept maps: a study of a novel application to increase students higher-level thinking skills in science. science education, concept maps, generative learning, java applet |
| SCIENCE EDUCATION | 21 A Month-long Institute on Biodiversity for High School and Middle School Science Teachers. biodiversity, science education, inquiry-based learning, science workshops |
| SCIENCE SUPPORT | Supporting basic research in national parks. national parks, science support, research |
| SCIENCE WORKSHOPS | 21 A Month-long Institute on Biodiversity for High School and Middle School Science Teachers. biodiversity, science education, inquiry-based learning, science workshops |
| SCIENCE-MANAGEMENT RELATIONSHIP | Basic Research- its place in and Contribution to National Parks. objectives hierarchy, strategic adaptive management, science-management relationship |
| SCOLYTIDAE | 32 Condition-dependent habitat selection in Douglas-fir beetles. bark beetle, scolytidae, conspecific attraction, body size |
| SCRUB-OAK | A calibration of three methods for measuring leaf area index in a scrub-oak ecosystem growing in elevated CO2. leaf area index, elevated CO2, scrub-oak |
| SEA TURTLES | Stock analysis for sea turtle populations: Markov Chain Monte Carlo and other methods. markov chain monte carlo, sea turtles, stock analysis, estimation |
| SEA TURTLES | Reversing the decline of sea turtles: Insights from life-history population models . sea turtles, population modeling |
| SEA-LEVEL RISE | The stability of coastal wetlands depends on the tidal amplitude. saltmarsh, Spartina, sea-level rise, stability |
| SEA-LEVEL RISE | Southern wetlands, climate change, and development impacts. wetlands, climate change, carbon dioxide, sea-level rise |
| SEAGRASS | It's not the size of your grass, it's where you plant it: Local adaptation in Chesapeake Bay eelgrass. local adaptation, seagrass, fitness, reciprocal transplant |
| SEAGRASS | 122 Spatial heterogeneity of seagrass beds in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. seagrass, semivariance, fractals, krigging |
| SEASONAL | Modeling the impact of time of first clutch initiation: new directions to an old problem? Warbler, seasonal, modelling, double-brood |
| SEASONAL | 119 Seasonal variation in bacterioplankton community composition in three temperate lakes of diverse trophic condition. bacterioplankton, community, seasonal, autocorrelation |
| SEASONAL CYCLE | Can remote atmospheric 14C measurements tell us the age of ecosystem respiration? decomposition, biome, seasonal cycle, net ecosystem exchange |
| SEASONAL PATTERNS | Seasonal patterns of avian richness and environmental productivity. species richness, birds, productivity, seasonal patterns |
| SEASONAL VARIABILITY | 9 Modeling of forest/atmosphere carbon fluxes in a Colorado subalpine ecosystem. modeling, Net Ecosystem Exchange, subalpine forest, seasonal variability |
| SEASONAL VARIATION | Seasonal variation of top-down, bottom-up, and fire effects in a natural grassland community. trophic interactions, disturbance, seasonal variation, grassland |
| SEASONAL VARIATION IN SOIL SEED BANK DIVERSITY | 50 Seasonal variation in plant community regeneration response to flooding in two hydrologically-connected inland wetlands. soil seed bank response to flooding, flooding effects on wetlands, seasonal variation in soil seed bank diversity, beaver/human disturbance effects in urban wetlands |
| SEASONALITY | Colonisation, dispersal and seasonality: mechanisms influencing the persistence of childhood infections. dispersal, seasonality, persistence, stochasticity |
| SEAWEED | Population regulation in species with complex life cycles. seaweed, Mazzaella flaccida, life cycle, haploid |
| SECOND-GROWTH | Effects of multiple human-induced disturbances of forest composition and nitrogen dynamics in northern hardwood forests. disturbance, old-growth, second-growth, beech bark disease |
| SECONDARY FOREST SUCCESSION | Secondary forest succession in southeastern floodplain forests. southeastern floodplain forest, secondary forest succession, shade-tolerance , tree population dynamics |
| SECONDARY METABOLISM | 27 Spatial variation in anti-herbivore defenses of Pinus. plant defense, secondary metabolism, growth-differentiation balance, plant stress |
| SECONDARY SUCCESSION | 118 Do successional changes in aboveground environmental conditions lead to a parallel succession in soil macrofaunal communities? Soil macrofauna, secondary succession, Cloud Forest, higher taxon diversity |
| SEDGE MEADOW | Effects of seeding and planting techniques on establishment of twenty Carex species in a restored sedge meadow. Carex, wetland restoration, sedge meadow, seed dispersal |
| SEDGE MEADOWS | Competitive suppression of an invasive species: competition for nitrogen between Carex hystericina and Phalaris arundinacea. Phalaris arundinacea, invasive species control, wetland restoration, sedge meadows |
| SEDGES | Physiological response of three riparian sedges to different ground water depths. sedges, ground water table, water relations, gas exchange |
| SEDIMENT | Nutrient dynamics in two tidal freshwater marshes in Virginia. nitrogen, phosphorus, sediment, wetland |
| SEDIMENT RECORDS | 73 Identifying disturbance signatures in small-hollow sediments: the potential for long-term, high-resolution forest history records. paleoecology, disturbance ecology, sediment records, charcoal |
| SEDIMENT TRANSPORT | Effects of dam removal on river form and process. geomorphology, rivers, sediment transport, dam removal |
| SEDIMENTATION | Riparian zone functions: sediment and contaminant trapping and vegetation along the Pocomoke River, Maryland. riparian zone, sedimentation, channelization disturbance, contaminant trapping |
| SEDIMENTATION | 9 Impacts of human-mediated stressors on wetland plant community development. wetland plant community development, disturbance, sedimentation, eutrophication |
| SEED | 102 Interpopulation variation in Trachypogon plumosus (Poaceae): phenology, seed morphology and germination. seed, germination, savannas, neotropics |
| SEED AERODYNAMICS | Long-distance dispersal of tree seeds by wind: the role of vertical wind updrafts. seed dispersal by wind, long-distance dispersal, vertical wind updrafts, seed aerodynamics |
| SEED BANK | 137 Temporal variation of the soil seed bank in an arid thorn scrub community of north-central Chile. seed bank, arid systems, enso, chile |
| SEED BANK | Spatial distribution of seeds in desert grasslands and their potential vulnerability to prescribed burning. seed bank, desert grassland, prescribed burning, restoration |
| SEED BANK | 113 Spread and invasion of Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife): relative effects of seed supply and environmental factors. Lythrum salicaria, invasion of nonindigenous species, seed bank, wetlands |
| SEED BANK | 151 Degradation of the riparian ecosystem of Ramsey Canyon in the Huachuca Mountains of southeastern Arizona. riparian ecosystems, seed bank |
| SEED BANK | Secondary succession along a 42-year chronosequence of restored freshwater marshes. succession, wetland, seed bank, restoration |
| SEED BANK | 69 Comparison of seed bank composition and aboveground vegetation of a restored pasture. seed bank |
| SEED BANK | Contributions of seed dispersal and demography to recruitment limitation in a Costa Rican cloud forest. dispersal limitation, seed bank, seed demography, pioneer plants |
| SEED BANK | Effects of pocket gopher disturbances on seedling establishment on the alpine tundra: seedling and seed bank evidence. alpine ecology, seedling establishment, disturbance, seed bank |
| SEED BANKS | 101 Seed bank persistence and ecological genetics in declining populations from a white campion (Silene latifolia) meta population. seed banks, ecological genetics, meta population, extinction |
| SEED BANKS | 154 Seed bank study of ephemeral wetland ponds. seed banks, ephemeral ponds |
| SEED DEMOGRAPHY | Contributions of seed dispersal and demography to recruitment limitation in a Costa Rican cloud forest. dispersal limitation, seed bank, seed demography, pioneer plants |
| SEED DIMORPHISM | 112 Germination responses of dimorphic seeds of Halopyrum mucronatum. dormancy, salt tolerance, seed dimorphism |
| SEED DISPERSAL | 115 Reproductive ecology of two closely related species of Rhamnus (a widespread and an endemic species): from buds to seedling establishment. western Mediterranean shrubs, pollen limitation, seed dispersal, seedling recruitment |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Does seed predation by introduced rats threaten or enhance recruitment of Pandanus trees in Tonga? seed dispersal, seed predation, polynesia, alien species |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Patterns, processes, and mechanisms of mistletoe distributions: a multiscale approach. mistletoe, seed dispersal, spatial scales, parasite-host interactions |
| SEED DISPERSAL | 23 Influences of historic land-use on a diverse woodland herb flora. woodland herbs, seed dispersal, land-use legacies |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Effects of seeding and planting techniques on establishment of twenty Carex species in a restored sedge meadow. Carex, wetland restoration, sedge meadow, seed dispersal |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Fecundity and dispersal of Sierran conifers. seed dispersal, conifers |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Seed dispersal, species richness, and recruitment of forest plants across a fragmented Michigan landscape. forest fragmentation, seed dispersal, Lindera benzoin, recruitment |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Do ants benefit from a purported seed dispersal mutualism with Datura wrightii? ants, Datura, myrmecochory, seed dispersal |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Relationships among reproductive output, dispersal, and seedling establishment in experimental populations of wild sunflowers. Helianthus annuus, seed dispersal, reproductive output, seedling recruitment |
| SEED DISPERSAL | Seed dispersers, predators, and the maintenance of genetic variation: fruit color polymorphism in Acacia ligulata. Acacia ligulata, maintenance of genetic variation, seed dispersal, seed predation |
| SEED DISPERSAL BY WIND | Long-distance dispersal of tree seeds by wind: the role of vertical wind updrafts. seed dispersal by wind, long-distance dispersal, vertical wind updrafts, seed aerodynamics |
| SEED DISPERSAL SYNDROME | 19 A multidisciplinary approach to understanding the dispersal syndrome of Oaks (Quercus L.): linking behavior of dispersers with seedling establishment and forest structure. seed dispersal syndrome, Quercus L., seedling physiology, disperser behavior |
| SEED DORMANCY | Life history evolution in variable environments: Cole's Paradox revisited. Cole's Paradox, bet-hedging, seed dormancy, stochastic simulation |
| SEED DORMANCY | Dormancy in dimorphic seeds: maternal influence and sibling rivalry. seed dormancy, annual grass, competition, germination |
| SEED ECOLOGY | 16 Comparison of parental and growth condition effects between the invasive annual grass Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens and two native Mojave Desert annual species. invasive species, mojave desert, seed ecology |
| SEED FALL | 29 Effects of harvest intensity and forest cover type on white spruce and paper birch seed fall and regeneration in northwestern Alberta, Canada . white spruce, paper birch, seed fall, germination |
| SEED GERMINATION | Seed bank response after experimental manipulations of Phragmites australis in an inland salt marsh. Phragmites australis, inland salt marsh, halophytes, seed germination |
| SEED GERMINATION | 70 Role of soil seed banks in patch dynamics of Iris lacustris Nutt. Iris lacustris, patch dynamics, seed germination, soil seed bank |
| SEED GERMINATION | 151 Potential effects of spring prescribed burning on Carpenteria californica, a rare shrub of the Sierra Nevada foothills. fire ecology, seed germination, fire management |
| SEED PREDATION | Does seed predation by introduced rats threaten or enhance recruitment of Pandanus trees in Tonga? seed dispersal, seed predation, polynesia, alien species |
| SEED PREDATION | Does human scent bias seed predation studies? seed predation, post-dispersal seed removal, rodents, experimental protocol |
| SEED PREDATION | Effects of an obligate seed parasite on genetic diversity and distribution of Rhizophora mangle populations in the 10,000 Islands archipelago, southwest Florida. seed predation, selective predation, mangrove, metapopulation |
| SEED PREDATION | Tests of the Janzen-Connell and Gap hypotheses in tropical forests in Panama: confirming the predictions of two long-standing hypotheses. tropical forest, herbivory, seed predation, gaps |
| SEED PREDATION | Weeds, bugs, and mice: why two biocontrol insects failed. Centaurea, biological control, seed predation, plant population dynamics |
| SEED PREDATION | Seed dispersers, predators, and the maintenance of genetic variation: fruit color polymorphism in Acacia ligulata. Acacia ligulata, maintenance of genetic variation, seed dispersal, seed predation |
| SEED PRODUCTION | Effects of selective logging on terrestrial mammal and arthropod communities. selective logging, seed production, Peromyscus maniculatus, arthropods |
| SEED PRODUCTION | Nutrient addition increases plant fitness in the desert halophyte, Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Sarcobatus vermiculatus, nitrogen, fitness, seed production |
| SEED QUALITY | 82 The effects of defoliation and maternal nutrient environment on outcome of pair-wise competition in Abutilon theophrasti. seed quality, defoliation, competition, Abutilon theophrasti |
| SEED SHADOW | 72 Fecundity schedules for forest trees. fecundity, seed shadow, allocation |
| SEED SHADOWS | Tapirs as long-distance seed dispersal vectors: implications for the survivorship and spatial distribution of tropical trees. long distance dispersal, tropical tree diversity, seed shadows, tapirs |
| SEED SOURCE | Reproductive role of remnant old-growth trees in mature Douglas-fir forests, southern Washington Cascade Range. ecological succession , old-growth, biological legacies, seed source |
| SEED VIABILITY | Multiple limits to seedling recruitment for an endangered carnivorous plant of Appalachian Mountain sphagnum bogs. Sarracenia jonesii, seed viability, seedling recruitment, habitat management |
| SEED-FALL | 54 The role of seed fall patterns vs. environmental resources in the spatial distribution of tree seedlings. seed-fall, seedling, spatial distribution, limiting resources |
| SEEDBANK | Seedbank viability in disturbed longleaf pine sites. longleaf pine, seedbank, loblolly pine, restoration |
| SEEDING | 62 Comparison of planting strategies in a tallgrass prairie restoration. restoration, prairie, planting, seeding |
| SEEDLING | 54 The role of seed fall patterns vs. environmental resources in the spatial distribution of tree seedlings. seed-fall, seedling, spatial distribution, limiting resources |
| SEEDLING | 139 Shrub encroachment in a protected palm savanna. Responses to fire in three dominant Asteraceae species. Asteraceae, fire , sprouting, seedling |
| SEEDLING | 55 Rapid recovery of witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) by sprouting, following release from deer browsing. recovery from browsing, Hamamelis virginiana, basal sprouting, seedling |
| SEEDLING | Is seedling recruitment limited by disturbance history? biodiversity, seedling, disturbance, grazing |
| SEEDLING BANKS | Effects of hydroperiod on seedling banks within a coastal plain bottomland forest in Southeastern Louisiana. seedling banks, bottomland hardwood forest, hydroperiod, Louisiana |
| SEEDLING DENSITY | Assessing the likely impact of biological control of yellow starthistle: Density manipulation of seedlings. Centaurea solstitialis, knapweed, seedling density, biological control |
| SEEDLING DYNAMICS | Ground-dwelling vertebrates, mycorrhizal fungi and seedling diversity in an Australian tropical rain forest. rain forest, diversity, mycorrhiza, seedling dynamics |
| SEEDLING DYNAMICS | 63 Northern red oak seedling response to community ectomycorrhizal diversity in declining eastern hemlock stands. mycorrhizal community diversity, seedling dynamics, Quercus rubra , Tsuga canadensis |
| SEEDLING EMERGENCE AND SURVIVAL | 114 Sugar Maple and Eastern Hemlock forest dynamics at the seed and seedling stage. Acer saccharum , Tsuga canadensis , patch maintenance, seedling emergence and survival |
| SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT | 125 Drought effects on Lupinus perennis: Implications for prairie plants in future climates. seedling establishment, water stress, genotype by environment interactions, germination |
| SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT | Effects of pocket gopher disturbances on seedling establishment on the alpine tundra: seedling and seed bank evidence. alpine ecology, seedling establishment, disturbance, seed bank |
| SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT | Physical variables affect the location of species of tree seedlings on river point bars. riparian ecology, seedling establishment, primary succession, southeastern floodplain forest |
| SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT | Influence of a dominant palm, Oenocarpus mapora on seedling establishment in a tropical moist forest of Panama. Oenocarpus mapora, seedling establishment, tropical forest, species dominance |
| SEEDLING PHYSIOLOGY | 19 A multidisciplinary approach to understanding the dispersal syndrome of Oaks (Quercus L.): linking behavior of dispersers with seedling establishment and forest structure. seed dispersal syndrome, Quercus L., seedling physiology, disperser behavior |
| SEEDLING RECRUITMENT | 115 Reproductive ecology of two closely related species of Rhamnus (a widespread and an endemic species): from buds to seedling establishment. western Mediterranean shrubs, pollen limitation, seed dispersal, seedling recruitment |
| SEEDLING RECRUITMENT | Multiple limits to seedling recruitment for an endangered carnivorous plant of Appalachian Mountain sphagnum bogs. Sarracenia jonesii, seed viability, seedling recruitment, habitat management |
| SEEDLING RECRUITMENT | Relationships among reproductive output, dispersal, and seedling establishment in experimental populations of wild sunflowers. Helianthus annuus, seed dispersal, reproductive output, seedling recruitment |
| SEEDLING REGENERATION | Seedling regeneration over 35 years in Australian tropical and subtropical rain forests. rain forest, diversity, seedling regeneration, Australia |
| SEEDLING REGENERATION | 8 Relationships between neotropical tree seedling morphology and performance in contrasting environments. tropical rain forest, seedling regeneration, life history traits, French Guiana |
| SEEDLING SURVIVORSHIP | Relative contributions of light conditions and Janzen-Connell processes to seedling survivorship in a Neotropical rainforest. janzen-connell hypothesis, tropical rainforest, seedling survivorship, maximum likelihood |
| SEEDLING SURVIVORSHIP | 143 Combined interaction of summer flooding and shade in the establishment of understory Acer saccharinum seedlings. Mississippi River, flooding, Acer saccharinum, seedling survivorship |
| SEEDLINGS | 104 Effects of summer precipitation on photosynthesis for seedlings of two common Great Basin shrubs. Artemisia tridentata, Purshia tridentata, nurse plants, seedlings |
| SEEDLINGS | 31 Effects of a moderately severe disturbance on the composition and density of woody seedlings in eastern Ontario forests. ice, disturbance, dispersal, seedlings |
| SEEDLINGS | 33 Effects of rainfall regime on seedlings planted into tropical gap and understory microsites. Panama, seedlings, treefall gaps, soil moisture |
| SEEDS | 151 The fate of wild sunflower seeds and its population biology consequences. seeds, wild sunflower, dormancy, litter |
| SEEDS | Understory abundance following logging in northern hardwood forests: the role of seed predation and myrmecochory. myrmecochory, seeds, predation, forest |
| SELECTION | Foraging behavior of the hemiparasitic plant, Rhinanthus minor. host, selection, hemiparasite, Rhinanthus minor |
| SELECTION | Ecological causes of selection for self-pollination in Clarkia xantiana: experimental manipulation of biotic interactions. self-pollination, selection, community interactions , population size |
| SELECTIVE INVADER | What should we look for in an invasive competitor? invasive competitors, selective invader, twin invader |
| SELECTIVE LOGGING | Effects of selective logging on terrestrial mammal and arthropod communities. selective logging, seed production, Peromyscus maniculatus, arthropods |
| SELECTIVE LOGGING | Apparent temporal shifts in stream communities following selective logging. Salvelinus fontinalis, stream community, selective logging, riparian zone |
| SELECTIVE PREDATION | Intralake spread of rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) in northern Wisconsin: Another case of accelerated replacement by a third party? rusty crayfish, exotic species, selective predation, species replacement |
| SELECTIVE PREDATION | Effects of an obligate seed parasite on genetic diversity and distribution of Rhizophora mangle populations in the 10,000 Islands archipelago, southwest Florida. seed predation, selective predation, mangrove, metapopulation |
| SELENIUM | 73 Oviposition, feeding preferences, and survival of Spodoptera exigua on Se-treated alfalfa: Implications for phytoremediation. Spodoptera exigua, selenium, phytoremediation, host-plant choice |
| SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY | Breakdown in self-incompatibility in a weed (Solanum carolinense). mating system, self-incompatibility, plant reproduction, Solanum carolinense |
| SELF-ORGANIZATION | Cluster size distributions: signatures of self-organization in spatial ecologies. individual-based predator-prey models, cluster size distribution, power-law scaling, self-organization |
| SELF-POLLINATION | Ecological causes of selection for self-pollination in Clarkia xantiana: experimental manipulation of biotic interactions. self-pollination, selection, community interactions , population size |
| SELF-SHADING | Effects of elevated CO2 on transpiration in Quercus myrtifolia measured in situ in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem. elevated CO2, transpiration, sap-flow , self-shading |
| SELF-SIMILARITY | 48 Species abundance distributions are not self-similar across spatial scales in aquatic microcosms. abundance, community, scale, self-similarity |
| SELF-SIMILARITY | Testing for self-similarity in a serpentine ecosystem. species-area relationship, range-area relationship, self-similarity, serpentine grasslands |
| SELF/NON-SELF | Self/non-self responses in roots. self/non-self, roots, competition, plasticity |
| SELF/NON-SELF | 145 Directional Self/Non-self Responses in Roots. self/non-self, roots, phenotypic plasticity, plant competition |
| SELFING | The effects of self-pollination and resource addition in wild lupine, Lupinus perennis. selfing, resource, inbreeding depression |
| SEMI-ARID | Landscape changes in the semi-arid steppe of western Colorado: Impacts on winter habitat of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). landscape, change, semi-arid, aerial photography |
| SEMI-ARID | 68 The geochemistry of phosphorus in the histosols of a semi-arid ecosystem, Israel. wetland, semi-arid, Phosphorus, Histosols |
| SEMI-ARID GRASSLANDS | Prescribed fire, monsoon rainfall and arbuscular mycorrhizal influences on erosion processes in semi-arid grasslands. prescribed fire, arbuscular mycorrhizae, erosion, semi-arid grasslands |
| SEMI-ARID SAVANNA | Effect of perennial bunchgrass density and soil rock fragment content on Prosopis velutina size and production. Prosopis velutina, Eragrostis lehmanniana, semi-arid savanna |
| SEMIOCHEMISTRY | Can chemical communication be cryptic? Adaptive responses of herbivores to natural enemies exploiting prey semiochemistry. predator prey interactions, coevolution , semiochemistry, bark beetles |
| SEMIVARIANCE | 122 Spatial heterogeneity of seagrass beds in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. seagrass, semivariance, fractals, krigging |
| SEMIVARIANCE | 93 Using Landsat TM imagery to identify edge effects extent in a Mexican conifer forest. semivariance, edge effects extent, remote sensing, landscape heterogeneity |
| SEMIVARIOGRAMS | An evaluation of neutral and non-neutral landscape models using patch size distributions and semivariograms. neutral landscape models, cellular automata, patch size distributions, semivariograms |
| SENESCENCE | Leaf phenology of saplings growing in the understory of a forest exposed to elevated CO2. longevity, phenology, senescence, survivorship |
| SENESCENT VEGETATION | 22 Ground truthing remotely sensed vegetation parameters for arid land assessment and management. arid land vegetation, vegetation monitoring, remote sensing and vegetation, senescent vegetation |
| SENSING | 84 Stream mapping using a remote control model helicopter. aerial, remote, sensing, mapping |
| SENSING | Thermal remote sensing and the thermodynamics of ecosystem development. thermal, remote, sensing, thermodynamics |
| SENSITIVITY | Statistical implications of taxonomic resolution in assessing aquatic ecosystem disturbances. streams, invertebrates, variability, sensitivity |
| SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS | Quantifying landscape pattern index responses using current land cover data: A case study of the managed forest of Ontario. landscape pattern indicies, spatial resolution, Landsat TM, sensitivity analysis |
| SEQUESTRATION | 60 Carbon sequestration in two restored prairie chronosequences on contrasting soils in southern Wisconsin. prairie, chronosequence, carbon, sequestration |
| SERPENTINE | Serpentine plant metacommunities. metacommunity, plants , serpentine , diversity |
| SERPENTINE | Fire effects on plant diversity in serpentine versus nonserpentine chaparral and grassland. fire, species diversity, productivity, serpentine |
| SERPENTINE | 135 Help or hindrance? the impact of prescribed burning and mound ants on endemic serpentine plants. Cerastium arvense , Arabis lyrata, serpentine, heavy metals |
| SERPENTINE | 116 A comparison of soil chemistry in recovering serpentine grassland and Virginia pine forest . Pinus virginiana, serpentine |
| SERPENTINE | 18 Effect of ant mounds on a serpentine grassland community in Maryland. Arabidopsis lyrata, serpentine |
| SERPENTINE GRASSLAND | The role of resource availability in plant community invasibility. biological invasions, serpentine grassland, resource availability, invasibility |
| SERPENTINE GRASSLANDS | Testing for self-similarity in a serpentine ecosystem. species-area relationship, range-area relationship, self-similarity, serpentine grasslands |
| SERVICE LEARNING | 3 Co-mingling Ecology Education and Service-Learning; An Assessment of Student Recycling Ethics. environmental ethics, service learning, campus ecology, recycling |
| SERVICE LEARNING | Ecological research opportunities in river conservation. river, conservation, service learning, research opportunities |
| SERVICE-LEARNING | 5 In the service of sustainability: incorporating service-learning into college-level environmental studies. service-learning, sustainable cities, education, environmental studies |
| SERVICES | 99 Use of native and non-native trees in urban landscaping: Consideration of ecosystem services. urban, ecosystem, services, landscaping |
| SESTON | Vertical structure of seston food quality and quantity in an oligo-mesotrophic subalpine lake. seston, food quality, zooplankton, diel migration |
| SETTLEMENT | The effect of landscape heterogeneity due to forestry on the settlement patterns of a bark beetle . Polygraphus rufipennis, logging, settlement, landscape |
| SEWAGE | 137 Increased death of new leaves of Banksia integrifolia around ocean outfall sites. Banksia integrifolia, salt-spray , sewage, surfactants |
| SEX RATIO | A test for the effect of contaminants on the sexual development of free-living leopard frogs . northern leopard frog, contaminants, sex ratio, vitellogenin |
| SHADE TOLERANCE | Is shade tolerance a fixed species trait? Evidence for shifting tolerance with herbivory. shade tolerance, succession, fire, herbivory |
| SHADE TOLERANCE | Does shade tolerance change with plant size? A test of tissue and whole plant respiration in deep shade. dark respiration, shade tolerance, low light environments, plant size |
| SHADE TOLERANCE | Temperate woody seedling responses to deep shade plus drought: Testing for a tolerance trade-off. shade tolerance, drought tolerance, plasticity, species-richness |
| SHADE-TOLERANCE | Secondary forest succession in southeastern floodplain forests. southeastern floodplain forest, secondary forest succession, shade-tolerance , tree population dynamics |
| SHADE-TOLERANT TREE SEEDLINGS | 149 Leaf lifespans, herbivory rates, and biomass allocation in Malaysian rain forest tree seedlings. biomass allocation, Borneo, shade-tolerant tree seedlings, tropical rain forest |
| SHADING | Lack of differential plasticity to shading of internodes and petioles with growth habit in Convolvulus arvensis . phenotypic plasticity, shading, climbing plants, Convolvulaceae |
| SHALLOW LAKES | 43 Early warning indicators for sudden ecosystem change: monitoring dominant feedbacks in shallow lakes. early warning indicators, shallow lakes, alternate stable states, feedback loop |
| SHALLOW LAKES | Using subfossil Chironomidae (Diptera) to determine past and present lake conditions in the Northern Niagara Escarpment Region, Ontario, Canada. subfossil chironomids, paleolimnology, shallow lakes, lake management |
| SHORT-TERM APPARENT COMPETITION | Facilitation vs. apparent competition and the establishment of tree seedlings under nurse shrubs in northern Patagonia. indirect interactions between plants, recruitment facilitation, short-term apparent competition, insect herbivory |
| SHRUB | C3 shrub invasion in a C4 grassland: Post-fire responses in resources and shoot growth. shrub, invasion, post-fire, grassland |
| SHRUB INVASION | Recovery dynamics in tallgrass prairie following the removal of an invasive shrub (Cornus drummondii). Cornus drummondii, shrub invasion, succession, tallgrass prairie |
| SHRUB INVASION | Variation and consistency in the strength of shrub-herb competition across natural and experimental moisture gradients. competition, interaction strength, shrub invasion, meadow restoration |
| SHRUB MORPHOLOGY | A quantitative comparison of two extremes in chaparral shrub phenology. Arctostaphylos, Styrax, drought, shrub morphology |
| SHRUB-STEPPE | 88 Influence of climate on plant and soil microbial diversity of a shrub-steppe ecosystem. Biodiversity, climate change, soil microorganisms, shrub-steppe |
| SHRUBS | Effects of pre-fire fuel load manipulation on shrub resprouting 2 and 14 months post-fire in pine savanna. resprouting, fire intensity, pine savanna, shrubs |
| SHRUBS | Effects of ecological restoration treatments on legumes, shrubs and C4 grasses. ponderosa pine, legumes, C4 grasses, shrubs |
| SHRUBSTEPPE | Avian response to prescribed fire in a sagebrush-shrubsteppe ecosystem. prescribed fire, shrubsteppe, songbirds |
| SILICA | Consequences of silica for the performance and guild structure of phytophagous insects. silica, herbivore guilds, quantative defense, community composition |
| SILVERSWORD | Pollination biology of two Maui endemics: potential impacts of alien insects on plant reproduction. silversword, Argentine ant, alien species impacts, pollination |
| SILVICULTURE | 34 Diversity among floras of shelterwood stands in the Green Mountain National Forest, Vermont. inventory, disturbance, silviculture, forest |
| SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS | 81 Fine scale genetic and spatial analysis of old growth eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). Pinus strobus, population genetics, spatial structure, simple sequence repeats |
| SIMPLEX-LATTICE (AXIAL) DESIGN | 111 Multispecies competition among core, intermediate, and satellite species: A new approach. Multispecies competition, core-satellite species hypothesis, simplex-lattice (axial) design, Illinois glades |
| SIMULATION | 77 Simulation of the impact of fire on the location and structure of the Prairie-Forest border in Minnesota. prairie-forest border, fire frequency, simulation, LANDIS |
| SIMULATION | Potential persistence of American wildcelery and sago pondweed in Peoria Lake, Illinois. aquatic, macrophytes, light, simulation |
| SIMULATION | Short-term prediction of transpiration from managed forests in northern Wisconsin. evapotranspiration, managed forests, simulation, predictive uncertainty |
| SIMULATION | 109 Simulation test of mechanisms shaping the differential response of two generalist predators to landscape fragmentation. habitat fragmentation, simulation, landscape, spiders |
| SIMULATION MODEL | 26 Dynamic simulation of litter decomposition. decomposition, forest litter, simulation model, elevated CO2 |
| SIMULATIONS OF SEEDS DISPERSAL | A Large-Eddy / Lagrangian Dispersion model to study long-distance dispersal of tree seeds. long-distance dispersal of seeds, simulations of seeds dispersal, turbulence in and above tree canopies |
| SINCE THE LAST GALCIAL | Dark and light taiga history since the last glacial around Lake Baikal. Lake Baikal, Taiga, permafrost, since the last galcial |
| SINK | One insect and two invertases: the mechanisms and function of sink strength in galls. gall, sink, invertase, aphid |
| SITE FIDELITY | Decision rules for Prothonotary Warblers: the influence of nesting success on site fidelity. site fidelity, decision rules, prothonotary warbler, nest predation |
| SITE FIDELITY | Conspecific attraction and site fidelity as a proximate cause of area effects in migratory birds. conspecific attraction, site fidelity, area effects, habitat selection |
| SITE FIDELITY | Spatial segregation, life history variation and genetic differentiation in trophically dimorphic pumpkinseed sunfish populations. sunfish, trophic polymorphism, reproductive isolation, site fidelity |
| SIZE EFFICIENCY HYPOTHESIS | The determinants of Daphnia dominance in fishless ponds: assessing temporal and spatial variation in competitor and predator effects. Daphnia, size efficiency hypothesis, competition, predation |
| SIZE STRUCTURE | Life history consequences of size-specific interactions in the Arizona tiger salamander. life history, intraspecific interactions, size structure |
| SIZE-STRUCTURE | Foraging capacity and resource synchronisation in an ontogenetic diet switcher, pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca). ontogenetic diet shift, size-structure, piscivory, planktivory |
| SIZE-STRUCTURE | Size-structured predation, relative growth rates and recruitment potential of largemouth bass. size-structure, predation, recruitment, largemouth bass |
| SKEWED RESPONSES | Continuum theory revisited: what shape are species responses along ecological gradients? response curve, HOF models, skewed responses, beta function models |
| SKEWNESS | Grabbing a whale by its tail: The influence of the extreme right-tail of the distribution on population estimates of the Alaskan bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus). monitoring, population dynamics, statistics, skewness |
| SLASH | Burning slash has no long-term effect on AM inoculum potential but does affect quality of revegetation. AM mycorrhizae, slash, fire |
| SLASH PINE | 147 Net exchange of carbon dioxide, water, and energy for a mature uneven-aged pine flatwoods forest. carbon exchange, latent energy , slash pine, eddy covariance |
| SMALL-SCALE GOLD MINING | Do international gold prices drive the Amazon gold rush? An economic analysis. amazon, small-scale gold mining, social-ecological interactions, ecological economics |
| SNOW | Climate change and moose: Availability and quality of winter forage. moose, climate change, herbivory, snow |
| SNOWMELT | 56 Watershed chemical export during snowmelt, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado. nutrient cycling, biogeochemistry, snowmelt, snowpack |
| SNOWPACK | 56 Watershed chemical export during snowmelt, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado. nutrient cycling, biogeochemistry, snowmelt, snowpack |
| SOCIAL DOMINANCE | Locomotor performance and social dominance in male Anolis cristatellus (Reptilia: Sauria). Anolis cristatellus, locomotor physiology, social dominance, field behavior |
| SOCIAL MECHANISMS FOR RESILIENCE | Power and social mechanisms for building resilience: lessons from Mexico. resilience, social mechanisms for resilience, power dynamics and social mechanisms, social systems and ecosystems |
| SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND ECOSYSTEMS | Power and social mechanisms for building resilience: lessons from Mexico. resilience, social mechanisms for resilience, power dynamics and social mechanisms, social systems and ecosystems |
| SOCIAL VALUES | Presenting pluralism: ecological and social assessments of ecosystem health in south-eastern Australia. ecosystem health, landscape assessment, social values |
| SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS | Do international gold prices drive the Amazon gold rush? An economic analysis. amazon, small-scale gold mining, social-ecological interactions, ecological economics |
| SOCIOECONOMIC | Avian species diversity is correlated with neighborhood socioeconomic status in urban parks. parks, biodiversity, socioeconomic, birds |
| SOCKEYE SALMON | Effect of incident light on the diel vertical migration of juvenile sockeye salmon in Alaska lakes. diel vertical migration, sockeye salmon, light, predator-prey |
| SODA-LIME METHOD | Soil carbon loss along a climate and forest type gradient in the Rocky Mountains. soil carbon efflux, climate change, soda-lime method, ecosystem feedbacks |
| SOIL | Biotic versus abiotic controls on P availability in soils of Hawaiian wet tropical forests. phosphorus, soil , sorption, microbe |
| SOIL | 55 Increasing carbon and nitrogen in Mount St. Helens pyroclastic soil: measuring soil quality and function after 20 years. mount st. helens, soil , carbon, nitrogen |
| SOIL | 32 Soil 15N abundance and Vegetation change in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela . soil , 15N, vegetation, change |
| SOIL CO2 | 142 Soil CO2 efflux and profile concentration in response to irrigation and fertilization in a 16-year old loblolly pine stand. loblolly pine, soil CO2 |
| SOIL CO2 EFFLUX | 20 Soil CO2 efflux, soil organic matter and root development in newly planted loblolly pine plantations. soil CO2 efflux, soil respiration, soil carbon, loblolly pine |
| SOIL | Effects of climate and soil on root systems of grasses. roots, grasslands, climate, soil |
| SOIL | Soil heterogeneity changes over forest succession: Quantification using univariate and geostatistical procedures. soil, heterogeniety, succession, nutrient |
| SOIL | 95 Carbon pool in urban and agricultural land use types in a Sonoran desert ecosystem. urbanization, Arizona, carbon pools, soil |
| SOIL | 25 Water soluble OC and low-temperature respiration of carbon dioxide from soils of arctic Alaska. winter, respiration, soil, carbon |
| SOIL | Toxicity factors in acidic forest soils. Implications for tolerance mechanisms. aluminum, calcium, forest, soil |
| SOIL | Indications of increasing soil C storage under elevated CO2 and O3. CO2, O3, C, soil |
| SOIL | 54 Nitrogen additions and freeze-thaw events influence Nitrogen cycling in the boreal forest. boreal, soil, N-cycling, microbial |
| SOIL | Root and "root-free" soil respiration response to soil temperature in Alaskan Black spruce forests. soil, respiration, carbon, root |
| SOIL ACIDIFICATION | 134 Soil acidification following burning of pine plantations, Sierra Nevada, Spain. soil acidification, pine plantation, chemical weathering, vegetation conversion |
| SOIL AGE GRADIENT | 83 Phosphatase activity along an alpine age and nutrient gradient. phosphatase, phosphorus availability, soil age gradient, Niwot Ridge |
| SOIL AMENDMENTS | Management effects on soil microbial biomass and the microbial community structure. microbial biomass, microbial community structure, tillage, soil amendments |
| SOIL BIOTA | Approaches to modeling soil biota to predict the impacts of global change at the ecosystem level. soil biota, modeling, global change, ecosystem |
| SOIL CALCIUM | 2 Landscape variation in forest communities is associated with soil calcium and nitrogen availability. soil nitrogen, soil calcium, species composition, productivity |
| SOIL CARBON | Litter production, decomposition, and carbon and nitrogen dynamics along a wet tropical elevation gradient. climate, temperature, soil carbon, nitrogen cycling |
| SOIL CARBON | Soil carbon dynamics in a forest under free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE). soil carbon, FACE experiment, stable isotopes, particulate organic matter |
| SOIL CARBON | Carbon saturation in soil fractions: How can it occur? soil carbon, soil organic matter, soil texture |
| SOIL CARBON | 20 Soil CO2 efflux, soil organic matter and root development in newly planted loblolly pine plantations. soil CO2 efflux, soil respiration, soil carbon, loblolly pine |
| SOIL CARBON | 48 Carbon dynamics of belowground systems in Pacific Northwest coniferous forests. CO2, soil carbon, soil respiration, forest floor |
| SOIL CARBON DYNAMICS | Modeling the carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska . Fire disturbance, soil carbon dynamics, soil respiration, soil thermal dynamics |
| SOIL CARBON EFFLUX | Soil carbon loss along a climate and forest type gradient in the Rocky Mountains. soil carbon efflux, climate change, soda-lime method, ecosystem feedbacks |
| SOIL CHARCOAL | 78 Landuse signatures by prehistoric human populations in an old growth rainforest. soil charcoal, soil phosphorus, neotropical rainforest, human activity |
| SOIL CHRONOSEQUENCE | Polyphenols in tropical rainforest litter. polyphenols, soil nutrient availability, leaf and fine root litter, soil chronosequence |
| SOIL COMMUNITY | Impact of soil communities on native and exotic plants in southern California. exotic, invasion, AM fungi, soil community |
| SOIL DEGRADATION | Soil properties of Horqin sandy land in Tongliao of Inner Mongolia, China. desert soil, desertification, sandy land, soil degradation |
| SOIL DEPTH | 67 Establishment of a native invasive shrub Prosopis glandulosa on grasslands with contrasting grazing histories. prosopis glandulosa, establishment, survival, soil depth |
| SOIL DEVELOPMENT | A Diatom and pollen record from Catfish Pond, Illinois. paleolimnology, diatoms, pollen, soil development |
| SOIL DEVELOPMENT | 80 Wet prairie vegetation and soil development on the Mount Saint John (MEEC) prairie restoration. restoration, soil development, succession, wet prairie |
| SOIL DISTURBANCE | The role of soil disturbances in the persistence of two endangered plants, central coastal California. endangered plants, soil disturbance, exotic plants |
| SOIL DISTURBANCE | 32 Rates of windthrow-caused soil disturbance inferred from soil charcoal radiocarbon dates. forest windthrow, soil disturbance, forest dynamics, canopy gaps |
| SOIL DISTURBANCE | 73 Carolina Bay restoration: vegetation assessment of Lost Lake after 9 years. Carolina Bay, revegetation, soil disturbance, wetland restoration |
| SOIL ECOLOGY | Consequences of Long-term conservation practise in trophic structure of agro-ecosystems. agro-ecosystem, soil ecology, decomposition, conservation |
| SOIL ECOLOGY | The effects of chronic N deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an Acer saccharum forest. extracellular enzyme activity , nitrogen deposition, soil ecology, decomposition |
| SOIL ECOLOGY | 92 Urban environmental effects on leaf litter decomposition in the southern Appalachians. decomposition, urban ecology, southern Appalachians, soil ecology |
| SOIL ECOLOGY | Underground competition for insect hosts between the fungus Beauveria bassiana and the nematode Heterorhabditis marelatus. Beauveria, Heterorhabditis, trophic complexity, soil ecology |
| SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITY | Is prescribed fire effective in restoring eastern forest soils under heavy atmospheric N loading? restoration, deciduous forest, N mineralization, soil enzyme activity |
| SOIL ENZYMES | 125 Analysis of soil microbial activity at three spatial scales in an Ohio deciduous forest landscape. soil enzymes, microbial activity, landscape, forest |
| SOIL EROSION | Remote sensing of soil erosion for monitoring the ecological integrity of rangelands. soil erosion, soil stability index, remote sensing, timeseries |
| SOIL FUNGAL COMMUNITY | 123 Microarthropods and fungal competition: A story from Eastern Oregon’s ponderosa pine forest soils. microarthropod, soil fungal community, grazing, competition |
| SOIL HEALTH | Microbiological indicators for monitoring changes in soil sustainability and quality. soil quality, soil health, microbial indicators, minimal data set |
| SOIL INFLUENCES | Mixed-litter decomposition on calcareous and acidic soils in NW Connecticut. mixed-litter decomposition, soil influences, leaf-litter decomposition |
| SOIL INVERTEBRATES | Diversity and dynamics of soil invertebrates in urban forests. soil invertebrates, urban forests, introduced species, detritivores |
| SOIL MICROBES | Vernal nutrient retention by ground-layer vegetation and soil microbes in a Catskill northern hardwood forest. vernal-dam hypothesis, herbaceous plants, soil microbes , northern hardwood forest |
| SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES | 12 Effects of synthetic and organic soil fertility amendments on the incidence of southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii , and the abundance of soil microbial and nematode communities in conventional and organic agroecosystems. Organic agriculture, soil microbial communities, plant disease |
| SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY | Plant species, not short- or long-term nitrogen fertilization, determine soil microbial biomass. soil microbial community, microbial biomass, respiration rates, nitrogen |
| SOIL MICROBIAL DIVERSITY | Identification of Bacteria that respond to glutamate amendment in high elevation gravel soils. soil microbial diversity, community shift, carbon addition |
| SOIL MICROBIAL ECOLOGY | The role of plant species in the structure and function of soil microbial communities: An experimental evaluation. soil microbial ecology, plant-microbe interactions, ecosystem function, phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) |
| SOIL MICROBIAL PROCESSES | Precipitation ver |