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Biodiversity conservation, traditional agriculture and ecotourism: Projection of future land use and cover change in a protected area in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. Bonilla-Moheno, Martha*,1, Espadas-Manrique, Celene2, Ayala-Orozco, Barbara1, Garcia-Frapolli, Eduardo3, Ramos-Fernandez, Gabriel4, 1 University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA2 Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, México3 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, España4 Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional- IPN, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, México ABSTRACT- Besides maintaining natural systems and biodiversity, Mexican Natural Protected Areas (NPA) are also the homelands of a significant number of indigenous people, that in some cases sustainably manage natural resources by means of local institutions and a multiple use strategy. We study the case of a recently declared NPA in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico, where the local Maya people carry out traditional activities such as swidden agriculture (milpa) and have also initiated a tourism business based on wildlife observation. Both local conservation and land tenure policies, as well as an increment in ecotourism, could have a negative impact on biodiversity and in their traditional production patterns. In this study we analyze socioeconomic data and vegetation cover maps for 1999 and 2003 and use a Markovian chain-cellular automata model to predict the vegetation cover change for the next 50 years in the NPA based on three potential scenarios: 1) the incorporation of ecotourism as an additional economic activity and the maintenance of milpa production at the actual rates; 2) a gradual decrease in milpa due to the increasing demand of ecotourism; and 3) the total disappearance of milpa due to a restriction imposed by the management plan of the NPA. Our results show a general tendency for the cover of younger stages of vegetation (2-15 yrs.) to decrease, and that of older stages (16-29 yrs.) to increase, in addition to a minimal change on mature forest cover (> 50 yrs.). The rest of successional stages (milpas and 30-50 year-old forest) show the greatest differences across scenarios. Overall, our results suggest that traditional activities, like milpa, may not have a significative impact on vegetation cover, particularly on that of the mature forest. Based on these results, we develop some recommendations for the management plan of the NPA. SPANISH ABSTRACT- Además de proteger y asegurar la biodiversidad de los sistemas naturales, en las |
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