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Slow growth rates of Amazonian trees: Consequences for carbon cycling. Vieira, Simone*,1, Trumbore, Susan2, Camargo, Plínio1, Selhorst, Diogo3, Higuchi, Niro4, Martinelli, Luiz, 1 Centrro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil2 University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA3 SETEM - Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil4 INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil ABSTRACT- Quantifying age structure and tree growth rate of Amazonian forests is essential for understanding their role in the carbon cycle. Here we use radiocarbon dating and direct measurement of diameter increment to document unexpectedly slow growth rates for trees from three locations spanning the Brazilian Amazon basin. Central Amazon trees, averaging only about 1mm/year diameter increment, grow half as fast as those from areas with more seasonal rainfall to the east and west. Slow growth rates mean that trees can attain great ages; across our sites we estimate 20- 33% of trees with diameter >10 cm have ages exceeding 300 years. While a few emergent trees that make up a large portion of the biomass grow faster, small trees that are more abundant grow slowly and attain ages of hundreds of years. The mean age of carbon in living trees (200-300yrs) is longer than the mean residence time calculated from C inventory divided by annual C allocation to wood growth (50-100yr). This can indicate higher mortality rates for fast-growing, younger individuals. As a consequence, forests can recover biomass relatively quickly following disturbance, while replacing individual trees may take many centuries. Carbon cycle models that apply a single turnover time for carbon in forest biomass do not account for these variations in life strategy and therefore overestimate the carbon sequestration potential of Amazon forests. SPANISH ABSTRACT- La cuantificación de la estructura de edad y la tasa del crecimiento de los bosques amazónicos es esencial para entender su papel en el ciclo del carbón. Aquí utilizamos la datación del radiocarbono y medidas directas del incremento del diámetro para documentar inesperadamente tasas lentas de crecimiento para los árboles a partir de tres localizaciones que atraviesan la Amazonia brasileña. |
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