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How environmentally harmful projects happen in a globalized world: The case of the Macal Valley, Belize, hydroelectric project. Bass, James*,1, 2, 3, 4, 1 Formerly, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC, USA2 Trinity Colllege, Washington, DC, USA3 American University, Washington, DC, USA4 Macal River Study Project, San Ignacio, Cayo District, Belize ABSTRACT- The construction of three dams and hydroelectric generating facilities in the Macal Valley has had a profound effect on the biodiversity of the valley, the health of the human population downstream, and even the macroeconomic external balances of the country. Analysis in the paper includes quantitative studies on habitat and biodiversity, quantitative and qualitative studies of the human impact of the project, and quantitative and qualitative examination of the economic impact of the project. A timeline review examines oversight failures at each stage of the project from inception to the completion of the second dam in September of 2005 and the beginning of construction of the third and last dam in that month. The role of domestic Government, stakeholders, NGOs, legal framework, and the private sector is contrasted to that of the international NGOs, scientific reviews, and the Commonwealth Privy Council in London. The paper draws heavily on a vast existing literature on the project and on analysis by the author (qualitative and quantitative) based on field trips to Belize. Special emphasis throughout the paper highlights the unique role of the Macal River Valley ecosystem (including geology) and the interaction of the local stakeholders and the Canadian private firm which owns the Belize Electric Company. The conclusion reviews a catalog of errors which can be generalized to other large scale projects in countries of the South in their dealing with transnational firms from the industrialized countries SPANISH ABSTRACT- La construcción de tres presas y las instalaciones de generación hidroeléctricas en el valle de Macal han tenido un efecto profundo sobre la biodiversidad del valle, la salud de la población humano que vive cerca las presas, e incluso los equilibrios externos macroeconómicos del país. El análisis en el papel incluye estudios cuantitativos en hábitat y estudios de la biodiversidad,analisis cuantitativo y cualitativo del impacto humano del proyecte, y examinación cuantitativa y cualitativa del impacto económico de el proyecto. Una revisión del timeline examina faltas del descuido en cada etapa de el proyecto del inicio a la terminación de la segunda presa en septiembre de 2005 y el principio de la construcción del tercera y de la presa pasada en eso mes. El papel del gobierno doméstico, populacion local afecada, ONGs, marco legal, y el sector privado se pone en contraste con el de los ONGs internacionales, investigaciones científicos, y la Commonwealth Privy Council en Londres. El estudio ser presentado usa una literatura existente extensa en el proyecto y en el análisis (cualitativo y cuantitativo)del autor basado en viajes a Belice. . |
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