PW01 Assessment
Exhibit Hall
8:00 AM - Wednesday
(PW017) "Smart growth," infill development, and health: Effects of urban population and land area on inhalation of primary vehicle emissions.
Marshall, J1, 2, Deakin, E3, 4, McKone, T2, 5, Nazaroff, W6, 1 Energy and Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA2 Indoor Environment Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA3 Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA4 University of California Transportation Center, Berkeley, CA, USA5 Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA6 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
ABSTRACT- This work explores how urban planning and urban form may influence transportation demand and the health effects attributable to vehicle emissions. Urban population density can influence transportation demand, as expressed through average daily vehicle-kilometers traveled per capita (VKT). In turn, changes in transportation demand influence total passenger vehicle emissions. Population density can also influence the fraction of total emissions that are inhaled by the exposed urban population. We explore these relationships for an idealized representation of an urban area. We investigate the effect of three changes in urban population and urban land area (infill, sprawl, and constant-density growth) on per capita inhalation intake of primary pollutants from passenger vehicles. The magnitude of these effects depends on density-emissions elasticity (
), a normalized derivative relating change in population density to change in vehicle emissions. For example, if urban population increases, per capita intake is less with infill development than with constant-density growth if is less than −0.5, while for greater than −0.5 the reverse is true.
Key words: urban form, urban planning