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2N - Field Studies (MOP/137) Early Warning System for Chemical Risk Management at Landfill Sites with Batteries of Biotests. YAMADA, Masato1, MOHRI, Shino1, SAKAI, Shinichi1, YASUHARA, Akio1, KINAE, Naohide2, SAKODA, Akiyoshi3, ONO, Yoshiro4, KUSUI, Takashi5, KUNIMOTO, Manabu6, OKAMURA, Hideo7, 1 National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan2 University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan3 Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan4 University of Okayama, Okayama, Okayama, Japan5 Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan6 Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan7 Kobe University Of Mercantive Marin, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan ABSTRACT- In Japan, public concern about hazardous chemicals for human health and ecosystems makes it difficult to construct and operate landfill sites that may potentially release such chemicals. Chemical analyses can identify the presence of specific dangerous compounds detecting only a small percentage of the toxicants present, are not enough to assess the overall chemical risk in emissions. Moreover the analysis cost becomes to a serious burden for landfill owners and managers. Bioassay toxicity tests, i.e. bioassays or biotests, that directly measure toxic effects on organisms, can reflect the cumulative and synergistic effects of all the compounds. The objective of this research project is to show reasonable and cost-effective biotest batteries by comparing the available toxicity tests and their applicability to monitoring landfill leachate. We detected various toxic potencies (acute toxicity, genotoxicity, biomarkers, cytotoxicity) in raw and treated leachates from municipal and industrial solid waste. Chemical analyses were performed for conventional water quality parameters, heavy metals and some organic compounds. The combined biological and chemical analysis data have provided valuable information on potential impacts of the leachates to the surrounding water environment and counter measures for the landfill management based on the precautionary principle. To assess the applicability of biotest in practice of landfill management, cost, simplicity, and sensitivity of each test are also compared. Some data of leachates indicate certain relationships between chemical characteristics of leachates and the toxicities, but not in all. This result should confirm difficulties of estimating toxic hazards from leachate by chemical analyses solely. This study showed that suitability of a battery of biotests depends on specific conditions, such as purpose of use, cost, location etc. The potential of batteries composed of cost-effective and simple biotests, as attractive alternatives to expensive conventional bioassay methods for routine monitoring, was also demonstrated. Key words: Early Warning, Risk management, Landfill site, Biotest |
