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1H c (1) - Pharmaceuticals (WE6/12) Occurrence of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in waste water, surface waters and drinking water in the Netherlands. Schrap, S. Marca 1, Rijs, Gerard1, Staeb, Joan1, Tiesnitsch, Jordan1, Maaskant, John1, Sacher, Frank2, Noij, Theo2, Mons, Margreet3, Leeuwen van, Ton3, 1 Institute of Inland Water Management and Wastewater Treatment RIZA, Lelystad, x, The Netherlands2 DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruhe, x, Germany3 KIWA Water Research, Nieuwegein, x, The Netherlands ABSTRACT- Pharmaceuticals for human and veterinary applications are used in large quantities. However, these compounds also may enter the aquatic environment by discharges of effluents of waste water treatment plants and by leaching of the pharmaceuticals out of manure. Concern is rising on the possible concentrations in surface waters, because of production of drinking water and the possible effects on aquatic ecosystems. In this project an inventory of the occurrence of about hundred pharmaceuticals in the Dutch aquatic environment was made. Samples from surface waters (about 10 locations, large rivers and small regional rivers), from drinking water and from influents and effluents of waste water (about 10 municipal and industrial waste waters) were taken in 2 different sampling periods. In addition to the human pharmaceuticals a number of veterinary pharmaceuticals were analyzed. New chemical analytical methods were developed for veterinary pharmaceuticals in surface water and waste water. A number of the pharmaceuticals, but not all, were found in the surface waters and waste water samples. In drinking water very low concentrations for only a few compounds were found. In generally, concentrations decrease from influents to effluents to surface waters to drinking water and decrease from the Key words: veterinary, pharmaceuticals, screening, analyses |
g to ng per liter range. The effects of these compounds on the aquatic ecosystems are not known at this stage. However, based on the results of this survey, study on possible effects on aquatic organisms has been recently started.